Đề cương ôn tập HK1 môn Tiếng Anh 10 CTST năm 2022-2023

Past simple: dùng diễn tả các hành động diễn ra ở quá khứ và không còn liên quan đến hiện tại, thường dùng để kể lại các câu truyện. Thì quá khứ đơn được dùng cho những hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ ở một thời điểm nhất định. 

(+) S + V-ed/V2

(-) S + didn't + V nguyên mẫu (didn't = did not)

(?) Did + S + V nguyên mẫu?

Past continuous:

- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

- Sự kết hợp giữa quá khứ đơn + quá khứ tiếp diễn để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào. Sự kết hợp của hai thì quá khứ đơn thường chỉ những hành động liền nhau, tuần tự. 

- Cấu trúc: While + quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ tiếp diễn (diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra song song tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ).

(+) S + was/ were + V-ing

(-) S + was/ were not + V-ing

(?) Ws/ were + S + V-ing?

- Must: để nói về thứ gì đó rất cần thiết hoặc rất quan trọng phải làm

- Mustn’t: để nói về thứ gì đó bị cấm (một mệnh lệnh tiêu cực)

- Needn’t và don’t have to để nói về thứ gì đó không cần thiết

- Should: dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên

Lưu ý: Bị động với động từ khiếm khuyết: S + Modal Verbs + be + V-ed/V3

- Mạo từ “a”: đứng trước danh từ đếm được, số ít và danh từ đó phải bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm.

- Mạo từ “an”: Đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít và danh từ đó bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm (a,e,i,o,u).

- Mạo từ "the":

• Đứng trước một danh từ xác định đã được nhắc ở phía trước (người NGHE đã biết được đối tượng mà người nói nhắc đến là gì)
• Đứng trước một danh từ mà sau danh từ đó có một mệnh đề hay cụm từ theo sau làm rõ nghĩa.
• Đứng trước các danh từ là chỉ người hoặc vật chỉ có DUY NHẤT.
• Đứng trước một tính từ để chỉ một cộng đồng người.
• Đứng trước danh từ riêng chỉ HỌ ở dạng số nhiều để nói đến cả vợ chồng hay cả gia đình.
• Sử dụng trong cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất

- When? - Time ⇒ Hỏi thông tin về thời gian

- Where? - Place ⇒ Hỏi thông tin về nơi chốn

- Who? - Person ⇒ Hỏi thông tin về người

- Why? - Reason ⇒ Hỏi lý do

- How? - Manner ⇒ Hỏi cách thức, phương thức

- What? – Object / Idea / Action ⇒ Hỏi về vật / ý kiến / hành động

Các từ khác cũng có thể được sử dụng để hỏi các thông tin cụ thể:

- Which (one)? - Choice of alternatives ⇒ Hỏi thông tin về sự lựa chọn

- Whose? - Possession ⇒ Hỏi thông tin về sở hữu

- Whom? - Person (objective formal) ⇒ Hỏi về người (ở dạng tân ngữ)

- How much? - Price, amount (non-count) ⇒ Hỏi về giá cả, lượng (không đếm được)

- How many? - Quantity (count) ⇒ Hỏi về lượng (đếm được)

- How long? - Duration ⇒ Hỏi về thời gian

- How often? - Frequency ⇒ Hỏi về mức độ thường xuyên

- How far? - Distance ⇒ Hỏi về khoảng cách

- What kind (of)? - Description ⇒ Yêu cầu mô tả thông tin

- Some + danh từ đếm được (số nhiều) + V (chia ở số nhiều)

- Some + danh từ không đếm được + V (chia ở số ít)

- Many: dùng với danh từ số nhiều đếm được.

- Much: dùng với danh từ không đếm được.

- A lot of/ Lots of/ Plenty of/ A number of/ The number of + danh từ đếm được số nhiều

- A lot of/ Lots of/ Plenty of/ A great deal of + danh từ không đếm được

- Little/ A little + danh từ không đếm được + V (chia ở số ít)

- Few/ A few + danh từ đếm được số nhiều + V (chia ở số nhiều)

- All + danh từ đếm được số nhiều + V (chia ở số nhiều)

- All + danh từ không đếm được + V (chia ở số ít)

- Any + danh từ đếm được số nhiều + V (chia ở số nhiều)

- Any + danh từ không đếm được + V (chia ở số ít)

- Most of/ All of/ Some of/ Many of + the/ his/ your/ her/ this/ those/… + danh từ số nhiều + V (chia ở số nhiều)

Comparative (So sánh hơn)

- Nếu từ chỉ có 1 âm tiết: ADJ/ADV + đuôi -er + than

- Nếu từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên: more + ADJ/ADV + than

- Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:

• far ⇒ further / father
• good ⇒ better
• bad ⇒ worse
• ...

- Superlative Adjectives (Tính từ so sánh nhất) 

• Nếu từ chỉ có 1 âm tiết: the + ADJ/ADV + -est
• Nếu từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên: the + most + ADJ/ADV

- Too và Enough

• Too đứng trước tính từ
• Enough đứng trước danh từ hoặc đứng sau tính từ
• Chúng ta thường sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu theo sau hai cấu trúc: too + adjective hoặc adjective + enough.

Exercise 1: Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.

1. In all the world, there (be) __________ only 14 mountains that (reach) __________above 8,000 meters.

2. He sometimes (come) __________ to see his parents.

3. When I (come) __________, she (leave) __________for Dalat ten minutes ago.

4. My grandfather never (fly) __________ in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so.

5. We just (decide) __________ that we (undertake) ____________ the job.

6. He told me that he (take) __________ a trip to California the following week.

7. I knew that this road (be) __________ too narrow.

8. Right now I (attend) __________ class. Yesterday at this time I (attend) __________class.

9. Tomorrow I'm going to leave for home. When I (arrive) __________at the airport, Mary (wait) __________ for me.

10. Margaret was born in 1950. By last year, she (live) __________on this earth for 55 years .

11. The traffic was very heavy. By the time I (get) __________to Mary's party, everyone already (arrive) __________

12. I will graduate in June. I (see) __________ you in July. By the time I (see) __________ you , I (graduate) __________.

13. I (visit) __________ my uncle's home regularly when I (be) __________ a child.

14. That book (be) __________ on the table for weeks. You (not read) __________ it yet ?

15. David (wash) __________ his hands. He just (repair) __________ the TV set.

16. You (be) __________here before? Yes, I (spend) __________ my holidays here last year.

17. We never (meet) __________ him. We don't know what he (look) __________ like.

18. The car (be) __________ ready for him by the time he (come) __________tomorrow.

19. On arriving at home I (find) __________that she just (leave) __________a few minutes before.

20. When we (arrive) __________ in London tonight, it probably (rain) __________.

21. It (rain) __________ hard. We can't do anything until it (stop) __________

22. Last night we (watch) __________TV when the power (fail) __________.

23. That evening we (stay) __________up to talk about the town where he (live) __________for some years.

24. I (sit) __________down for a rest while the shoes (repair) __________.

25. Half way to the office Paul (turn) __________round and (go) __________back home because he (forget) __________to turn the gas off.

26. London (change) __________a lot since we first (come) __________ to live here.

27. While we (talk) __________on the phone the children (start) __________fighting and (break) __________a window

28. He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) __________ in his life.

29. You know she (stand) __________looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes.

30. I (spend) __________ a lot of time travelling since I (get) __________this new job.

31. When we (be) __________ at school we all (study) __________Latin.

32. When I (meet) __________ him , he (work) __________as a waiter for a year.

33. After he (finish) __________ breakfast he (sit) __________down to write some letters.

34. She (have) __________a hard life, but she's always smiling.

35. I think Jim (be) __________ out of town.

Exercise 2: Identify and correct mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Mary suggested to buy a new laptop computer.

2. Why do you dislike to watch TV with me?

3. Trying some of this wine. Maybe you will like it.

4. I am looking forward to see you soon.

5. She apologized me for the delay.

6. Did you have any trouble to buy a car?

7. It is a waste of time to go to the party.

8. I can't afford going on holiday.

9. Foreigners are not used to drive on the left.

10. I'm going to France learning French.

Exercise 3: Complete the text by putting the verbs in the correct form, using ing or to.

James has decided (1) _________(abandon) his second attempt at (2) __________ (swim) the English Channel after (3) ________(break) his ankle in a cycling accident. His decision (4) _______ (postpone) this attempt came after a two week holiday mountainbiking with his wife. His first attempt was also unsuccessful and he is unlikely (5) ___________ (be) back training for quite a few months. He said in a recent interview that he had not yet decided whether (6) _________ (try) one more time, but denies (7) ____ (lose) total interest in the project. 'I aim (8) ________ (raise) money for a local charity' he explained. He continued by (9) __________ (say) that if he could manage (10) ________ (find) the time, he would do a lot more charity work.

Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first.

1. You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won't succeed.

There's no point_______________________________________.

2. He wished he had invited her to his birthday party.

He regretted_______________________________________ .

3. Mastering a second language takes time and patience.

It_______________________________________

4. After four years abroad, Mr. Brown returned home as an excellent engineer.

After Mr. Brown ____________________________________ .

5. It won't be difficult to get a ticket for the game.

You won't have any__________________________________________.

Exercise 5: Read the passage and write A, B, or C.

A: I spent the month of November 2015 volunteering in South Africa. For the first two weeks, I worked with 2 to 4 kids in grades 1 and 2 on Maths and literacy skills. I guided them and measured their progress so that other volunteers could take on my work after I left. For the last two weeks, I instructed the small kids to do personal hygiene and make toys. I had a lot of fun working with them.

B: Working with people living with HIV/AIDS is always emotionally and technically demanding. Before my volunteer trip to Ghana, I got training about HIV/AIDS. I worked with different groups of people. It was very emotional when I visited and played with children with HIV/AIDS in orphanages. I also visited schools, universities and households to give presentations and leaflets about HIV/AIDS. I had never felt

so helpful before. I can't wait for my next trips to other African countries.

C: My main duty was to provide financial advice for poor households in Kenya. I had to adapt myself immediately to the new weather, new people and new food there. Fortunately, my host family was the most selfless and encouraging people I'd ever known. I lived with three other volunteers, and the host family considered us as their daughters. I loved dinner time when all the family members gathered together and told jokes. Sometimes, I helped the children in the family with their homework. I feel so blessed I've known them in my life.

1. __________ mentioned a specific time of the day he/she enjoyed the most

2. _______ only worked with children

3. ________ told the specific time he/she did volunteer work

4. _________ helped people with problems related to money

5. _________ wished to go to other African countries

6. _________ his/her work was closely related to other volunteers'

7. __________ work worked with different groups of people

8. _________ felt that he/she was very helpful

9. _________ adapted himself/ herself quickly to a new environment

10. ________ taught children how to keep their bodies clean

11. _________ feel very lucky because of knowing some people

12. _________ helped someone with their homework

13. __________ mentioned training before his/her trip

14. ___________ accepted that his/her volunteer work is demanding

15. ___________ stayed with other volunteers in a same family

Exercise 1: Use the correct form of verbs in brackets.

1. are - reach; 2. comes; 3. came - had left; 4. has never flown;

5. have just decided -would undertake; 6. would take; 7. was ;

8. am attending - was attending; 9. arrive -will be waitin;g 10. had lived;

11. got- had already arrived; 12. will see - see - will have graduated;

13. visited -was; 14. has been - haven’t you read; 15. is washing - has just repaired;

16. Have you been - spent; 17. have never met - looks; 18. will have been- comes;

19. found – had just lef;t 20. arrive – will probably be raining; 21. is raining - stops;

22. were watching - failed ; 23. stayed – had lived; 24. sat – were being repaired;

25. turned – went – had forgotten; 26. has changed - came;

27. were talking – started - broke; 28. had done 29. has been standing;

30. have spent - got; 31. were - studied; 32. met – had been working;

33. had finished - sat; 34. has; 35. has been;

Exercise 2: Identify and correct mistakes in the following sentences.

1. to buy ⇒ buying; 6. to buy ⇒ buying

2. to watch⇒ watching; 7. to go ⇒ going

3. Trying⇒ Try; 8. going ⇒ togo

4. to see⇒ to seeing; 9. to drive ⇒ to driving

5. apologized me ⇒ apologized to me; 10. learning ⇒ to learn

Exercise 3: Complete the text by putting the verbs in the correct form, using ing or to.

1. to abandon; 6. to try

2. swimming; 7. losing

3. breaking; 8. to raise

4. to postpone; 9. saying

5. to be; 10. to find

Exercise 4: Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first.

1. There's no point in trying to get Jim to lend you his car.

2. He regretted not inviting/ not having invited her to his birthday party.

3. It takes time and patience to master a second language.

4. After Mr. Brown had been abroad for four years, he returned home as an excellent engineer.

5. You won't have any difficulty (in) getting a ticket for the game.

Exercise 5: Read the passage and write A, B, or C.

1. _____C_____ mentioned a specific time of the day he/she enjoyed the most

2. ___A____ only worked with children

3. ___A_____ told the specific time he/she did volunteer work

4. ____C_____ helped people with problems related to money

5. ____B_____ wished to go to other African countries

6. ____A_____ his/her work was closely related to other volunteers'

7. ____B______ work worked with different groups of people

8. ____B_____ felt that he/she was very helpful

9. ____C_____ adapted himself/ herself quickly to a new environment

10. ____A____ taught children how to keep their bodies clean

11. ____C_____ feel very lucky because of knowing some people

12. ____C_____ helped someone with their homework

13. ____B______ mentioned training before his/her trip

14. _____B______ accepted that his/her volunteer work is demanding

15. _____C______ stayed with other volunteers in a same family

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