Choose the correct answers harm, harmful, harms, harmless

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 19 to 23.

   Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and fires can change ecosystems. Some changes (19).......ecosystems. If there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals (20)......feed on it may also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal and lets the seeds (21)  . Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building (22).......on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers. Bulldozing wetlands and cutting down forests destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and governments to find better ways of (23) ...... fish, cutting down trees, and building reservoirs. They are looking for

ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without causing harm to ecosystems.

Question 20: A. who    B. where           C. that               D. when

Question 21: A. out      B. in                   C. go                  D. fly

Question 22: A. moats                           B. dams             C. ditches            D. bridges

Question 23: A. catching                        B. holding         C. carrying         D. taking

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 24 to 31.

  The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the early 20^th century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote. In the 1960s feminism became the subject of intense debate when the women's liberation movement encouraged women to reject their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and equal rights with men in areas such as employment and pay.

  Since then, the gender gap between the sexes has, been reduced. The Equal Pay Act of 1970, for instance, made it illegal for women to be paid less than men for doing the same work, and in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair advantage when applying for jobs. In the same year, the Equal Opportunities Commission was set up to help people claim their rights to equal treatment and to publish

research and statistics to show where improvements in opportunities for women need to be made. Women now have much better employment opportumties. though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than men, and very few are appointed to top jobs in industry.

  In the US, the movement that is often called the "first wave of feminism" began in the mid-1800s. Susan B. Anthony worked for the right to vote. Margaret Sanger wanted to provide women with the means of contraception so that they could decide whether or not to have children, and Elizabeth Blackwell, who had to fight for the chance to become a doctor, wanted women to have greater opportunities to study. Many feminists were interested in other social issues.

  The second wave of feminism began in 1960s. Women like Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem became associated with the right to get equal rights and opportunities for women under the law. An important issue was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was intended to change the Constitution. Although the ERA was not passed, there was progress in other areas. It became illegal for employers, schools, clubs, etc. to discriminate against women. But women still find it hard to advance beyond a certain point in their careers, the co-called glass ceiling that prevents them from having high-level jobs. Many women also face the problem of the second shift, i.e. the household chores.

  In 1980s, feminism became less popular in the US and there was less interest in solving the remaining problems, such as the fact that most women still earn much less than men. Although there is still discrimination, the principle that it should not exist is widely accepted.

• A.  harms
• B. harmful
• C.  harmless
• D. harm