Tài liệu ôn thi THPT Quốc gia câu điều kiện trong Tiếng Anh

TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI THPT QUỐC GIA

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRONG TIẾNG ANH

a. Khái niệm:

Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn được gọi là câu điều kiện có thực ở hiện tại. Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

b. Cấu trúc:

If clause                                  Main clause

If + S + V s(es)...                     S + will / can/ may + V1 (won't/can't + VI)

c. Cách dùng:

Câu điều kiện loại 1 còn có thể được gọi là câu điều kiện hiện tại có thể có thật. Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 1 để đặt ra một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được trong hiện tại và nêu kết quả có thể xảy ra.

Ex: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation. (Nếu tôi tìm được địa chỉ của cô ấy, tôi sẽ gửi lời mời tới cô ấy)

a. Khái niệm:

Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện trái với thực tế ở hiện tại

b. Công thức: 

If clause                                  Main clause

If + S + V-ed /V2...                 S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn't / couldn't + V1)

To be: were / weren't

Ex: If I had a million USD, I would buy a Ferrari. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đô la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.) 

a. Khái niệm

- Câu điều kiện loại 3 là câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ.

- Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ, chỉ mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ, một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ.

b. Cấu trúc

If clause                                   Main clause

If +S + had + P.P                    S + would / could / should + have + P.P

Ex: If the forwards had run faster, they would have scored more goals. (Nếu tiền đạo chạy nhanh hơn, họ sẽ ghi được nhiều bàn thắng hơn.)

a. Câu điều kiện loại 0

Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra. 

Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại)

Ex: If you see Nam, you tell him I’m in Vietnam (Nếu bạn gặp Nam, you hãy nhắn anh ấy rằng tôi đang ở Việt Nam nhé)

b. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp:

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là phối hợp giữa câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với quá khứ, nhưng kết quả thì trái ngược với hiện tại.

Ex: If she hadn't stayed up late last night, she wouldn't be so tired now. (Nếu cô ấy không ở lại muộn vào đêm qua, bây giờ cô ấy sẽ không quá mệt mỏi )

c. Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo:

• Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo

Ex: Should I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter = If I meet him tomorrow, I will give him this letter

• Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo

Ex: Were I you, I would buy this house = If I were you, I would buy this house.

• Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved

Ex: Had he driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened. = If he had driven carefully, the accident wouldn't have happened.

d. Những trường hợp khác trong câu điều kiện:

• Unless = If...not (Trừ phi, nếu...không)

Ex:  If you don't study hard, you can't pass the exam. = Unless you work hard, you can't pass the exam.

• Cụm từ đồng nghĩa: 

Suppose / Supposing (giả sử như), in case (trong trường hợp), even if (ngay cả khi, cho dù), as long as, so long as, provided (that), on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là) có thể thay cho if trong câu điều kiện

Ex: Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then?

• Without (Không có)

Ex: Without water, life wouldn't exist. = If there were no water, life wouldn't exist.

Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. If they (listen) carefully, they might hear the woodpecker.

2. If I had lain down on the sofa, I (fall) asleep.

3. Ngoc could have worked as a model if she (be) taller.

4. The soil (not/dry out) if you water the plants regularly.

5. If you (give) the young boy this stick, he’d hurt himself.

6. We (not/take) the wrong tram if Dzung had asked the policewoman.

7. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog (not/find) it.

8. The students would have solved the problem if they (use) their textbooks.

9. If he washed his feet more often, his girlfriend (visit) him more often.

10. Manh (read) the newspaper if he went by train.

Đáp án

1. listened;

2. could have fallen;

3. had been;

4. won’t dry out;

5. gave;

6. wouldn’t have taken;

7. won’t find;

8. had used;

9. would visit;

10. would read

Bài 2. Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn (chú ý chia động từ)

1. If/ you/ mix/ red/ blue/ get / purple.

2. If/ Arsenal/ win/ they/ be/ top/ the league.

3. It /rain/ we / cancel / the match.

4. You / take / first bus/ you/will/ get /there on time.

5. You / need more helpers/ I /can try / get some time off work.

6. Mary might / deliver your parcel / you /ask /her.

7. I / were / 20/ I would/ travel/ world

8. Jim / lent / us / car / we / could / go / party.

9. We / would / save £3.50 a day / we didn’t / eat any lunch.

10. Burglars/ broke/ into my house/ they / find any money.

Đáp án

1. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

2. If Arsenal wins, they’ll be top of the league.

3. If it rains, we will cancel the match.

4. If you take the first bus, you’ll get there on time.

5. If you need more helpers, I can try and get some time off work.

6. Mary might deliver your parcel if you ask her.

7. If I were 20, I would travel the world.

8. If Jim lent us his car, we could go to the party.

9. We would save £3.50 a day if we didn’t eat any lunch.

10. If burglars broke into my house, they wouldn’t find any money.

Bài 3. Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn

1. If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time.

2. Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge.

3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (to feed) the animals.

4. If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you.

5. Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly.

6. You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework.

7. If you (to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.

8. The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button.

9. If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.

10. I (to call) the office if I was/were you.

Đáp án:

1. will have;

2. looked;

3. had fed;

4. would understand;

5. would arrive

6. would have had;

7. swim;

8. press;

9. had asked;

10. would call

Bài 4. Hoàn thành câu với từ cho sẵn

1.If it (to be) warmer, we (to go) swimming.

2. My parents (to buy) this house if the man (not/to sell) it to someone else.

3. If he (not/to fail) his driving test, his parents (to lend) him their car.

4. If my uncle (to tell) me the way to his office, I (not/to arrive) so late.

5. She (to be) at the airport if she (to read) the message carefully.

6. Lucy (not/to hurt) her foot if she (not/to drop) the old box on it.

7. If you (to use) a sharp knife, you (not/to cut) yourself.

8. If Victoria (to celebrate) her birthday at home, I (to bring) her some flowers.

9. We (to take) the train to Edinburgh if it (to run) on time.

10. If Max (not/to forget) his schoolbag, he (to give) you your USB flash drive.

Đáp án

1. If it had been warmer, we would have gone swimming.

2. My parents would have bought this house if the man had not sold it to someone else.

3. If he had not failed his driving test, his parents would have lent him their car.

4. If my uncle had told me the way to his office, I would not have arrived so late.

5. She would have been at the airport if she had read the message carefully.

6. Lucy would not have hurt her foot if she had not dropped the old box on it.

7. If you had used a sharp knife, you would not have cut yourself.

8. If Victoria had celebrated her birthday at home, I would have brought her some flowers.

9. We would have taken the train to Edinburgh if it had run on time

10. If Max had not forgotten his schoolbag, he would have given you your USB flash drive.

Bài 5: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:

1. If I see him, I _____ (give) him a gift.

2. If I had a typewriter, I _____ (type) it myself.

3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.

4. You could make better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.

5. If I _____ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.

6. If you _____ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.

7. If he worked more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.

8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _____ (be) you.

9. If I _____ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.

10. A lot of people _____ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.

11. I (have) ………….. plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so much yesterday.

12. If someone (give) …………….you a boat, what you (do) …………… ?

13. If you...........(press) CTRL + S, you...........(save) the file.

14. The children...........(be) happy if he...........(teach) them English.

15. If she...........(buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/ lose) all data.

Đáp án:

1. will give;    

2. would type;

3. would have visited ;           

4. attended;    

5. knew;

6. had arrived;

7. wouldn't make;       

8. were;          

9. find;

10. would be;

11. would have/ hadn't spent

12. gives/ what will you do;  

13. press/ save (will save);     

14. would be/ taught; 

15. had bought/ wouldn't have lost;

Bài 6: Chuyển sang câu điều kiện

1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.

→ If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up.

2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

→ If…………………………………….....….…….

3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.

→If…………………………………….....….……..

4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.

→ If …………………………………………….………..

5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.

→ If …………………………………….……..…….……

6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.

→……………………………………………..……

7. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.

→……………………………………….….…...

8. He lost his job because he was late every day.

→………………………………………………...……

9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.

→……………………………………………………...…..

10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.

→………………………………..…..

Đáp án

2. If you keep talking, you won't understand the lesson.

3. If I know her number, I will ring her up.

4. If I know the answer, I will tell you.

5. If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost.

6. If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick.

7. If we hadn't had this treatment, the patient would have died.

8. If he hadn't been late every day, he wouldn't have lost his job.

9. If Peter ate less chips, he wouldn't be fat.

10. If Robert hadn't started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn't have got a bad cough.

Bài 7: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.

A. hadn't

B. hadn't been

C. wouldn't be

D. wasn't

2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.

A. wouldn't have been

B. would have been

C. wouldn’t be

D. would be

3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.

A. were asked

B. would ask

C. had been asked

D. asked

4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.

A. she has done

B. she had done

C. she does

D. she did

5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?

A. stole

B. have stolen

C. were to steal

D. steal

6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.

A. would have been/ hadn't lied

B. would be/ didn't lie

C. will be/ don't lie

D. would be/ hadn't lied

7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.

A. would invest

B. invested

C. had invested

D. invests

8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.

A. wouldn’t advise

B. won't advise

C. hadn't advised

D. didn't advise

9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.

A. could have climbed

B. climb

C. is climbing

D. climbed

10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.

A. climbed

B. could climb

C. is climbing

D. climb

Đáp án:

1 - B    2 - A    3 - A    4 - B    5 - D    6 - A    7 - B    8 - C    9 - A    10 - B

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