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ÔN TẬP VỀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN HỖN HỢP VÀ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 0
1. Lý thuyết
1.1. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
- Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 1 dùng để diễn tả giả thiết trái với quá khứ, dẫn đến kết quả trái ngược với sự thật ở hiện tại.
Cấu trúc: If + S + had + V-ed / V3, S + would / could / might…+ V-bare
Ví dụ: If I had worked harder, then I would be rich now. (Nếu tôi làm việc chăm chỉ hơn, thì bây giờ tôi đã giàu có).
- Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp loại 2 diễn đạt giả thiết không có thật ở hiện tại, còn kết quả thì trái ngược với quá khứ.
Cấu trúc: If + S + were / V-ed / V2, S + would / could / might + have + been + V-ed / V3
Ví dụ: If he didn’t love her, he wouldn’t have married her. (Nếu anh ấy không yêu chị ấy thì anh ấy đã không lấy cô ấy làm vợ.)
1.2. Câu điều kiện loại 0
Câu điều kiện loại 0 dùng để diễn tả điều hiển nhiên, chân lý, thói quen, sự thật luôn luôn đúng ở hiện tại. Bên cạnh đó, câu điều kiện loại 0 còn mang ý nghĩa như 1 câu mệnh lệnh, đề nghị.
Cấu trúc: If + S + V (-s / -es), S + V (-s / -es)
Ví dụ: If I make a silly mistake, I laugh. (Nếu tôi mắc phải lỗi sai ngớ ngẩn nào đó, tôi thường tự cười mình.)
2. Bài tập
2.1. Choose the correct answer
1) Choose the sentence with the meaning below
James is always lazy. He failed a test last week.
A. If you hadn’t been so lazy, you would pass that test.
B. If you weren’t so lazy, you would have passed that test.
C. If you weren’t so lazy, you would pass that test.
2) If he………….you an invoice, you should pay him.
A. had sent B. would send C. has sent
3) Which sentence is correct?
A. If you remember to bring a map, we wouldn’t be lost now.
B. If you had remembered to bring a map, we wouldn’t be lost now.
C. If you had remembered to bring a map, we wouldn’t have been lost now.
4) Choose the sentence with the meaning below
Jack drove too fast. Now he’s in trouble with the police.
A. If Jack didn’t drive too fast, he wouldn’t be in trouble with the police.
B. If Jack hadn’t driven too fast, he wouldn’t be in trouble with the police.
C. If Jack hadn’t driven too fast, he wouldn’t have been in trouble with the police.
5) If you……………..the photocopier off and off again, it sometimes work.
A. turn B. will turn C. turned
6) If …………….working late, can you turn everything off before you go?
A. you’re working B. you’ve worked C. you will work
7) Choose the sentence with the meaning below
I don’t have a degree, so I didn’t get the job.
A. If I have a degree, I would have got that job.
B. If I had a degree, I would have got that job.
C. If I had had a degree, I would get that job.
8) Choose the sentence with the meaning below
You didn’t fix the roof. Now it’s leaking.
A. If you had fixed the roof, it wouldn’t have been leaking.
B. If you fixed the roof, it wouldn’t have leaked.
C. If you had fixed the roof, it wouldn’t be leaking.
9) You can’t find your purse. You think someone has taken it. What do you say?
If someone……………….my purse, I’ll be furious.
A. has taken B. took C. takes
10) Which word CANNOT go in the space?
If you order the book today, it……………arrive tomorrow.
A. may B. should C. would
2.2. Rewrite the following sentences
1) I didn’t go to work yesterday because I have a cold.
If I…………………………………
2) A dog bit me when I was a child, so now I’m really scared of dogs.
If a dog…………………………….
3) I’m really worried about tomorrow’s exam. That’s why I didn’t go to the party last night.
If I…………………………………
4) I forgot to bring my umbrella. That’s why I’m so wet.
If I………………………………….
5) I don’t know how to ski, so I didn’t go skiing with Tom last week.
If I………………………………….
6) He is not rich. He didn’t buy that house last month.
If he………………………………..
7) I missed the end of the film so I don’t know who the murderer was.
If I…………………………………
8) She did the homework last night so she gets a high score today.
She……………………………….
9) I am tired now because I went home late yesterday.
I…………………………………
10) Since he is an only child, his parents have spoiled him.
His……………………………..
2.3. Put the verbs into the correct form
1) If we (win)…………….the lottery last night, we’d be rich.
2) Jack (move)……………to New York next month if he’d got the job.
3) You (be)…………….so tired if you’d gone to bed earlier.
4) They wouldn’t feel now if they (not eat)……………too much.
5) If I (be)…………him, I wouldn’t have quit my job until I’d found another.
6) If it wasn’t raining, they (go)…………for a walk yesterday morning.
7) She (not come)……………by train last week if she could drive.
8) If I (not have)……………this homework to do, I would have gone out with my friends.
9) If we (play)………………this game yesterday, we (have)……………..a lot of money now.
10) If it (rain)…………….last night, it (be)………………cold today.
2.4. Choose the correct answer
1) Which words fill the space?
………….you have any more question, you can go on a break now.
A.Unless B. If C. If not
2) Which phrase CANNOT finish the sentence?
If he forgets to take a packed lunch, ………………
A. he wouldn’t eat all day.
B. he buys a sandwich from the canteen.
C. lend him some money to buy something.
3) If we………….online, we save thirty percent.
A. ordered B. order C. have ordered
4) When you……………the document, give it to Jim.
A. typed up B. will type up C. have typed up
5) If you………….the photocopier off and on again, it sometimes works.
A. will turn B. turn C. turned
6) Don’t call the police unless it………………an emergency.
A. is B.be C. will be
7) Unless you…………..extra, you get the basic service.
A. will pay B. pay C. have paid
8) Wood………………well if it’s wet.
A. not burn B. won’t burn C. doesn’t burn
9) Water…………..into ice when the temperature goes below zero.
A. turns B. turn C. will turn
10) When Sarah’s not in the office, the answering machine………………her calls.
A. take B. took C. takes
2.5. Make a sentence with zero conditional
1) I / speak / to / Jack / he / get annoyed
2) You / heat / ice / it / melt
3) Children / play / outside / they / not get overweight
4) You / smoke / you / get yellow fingers
5) People / eat / too many sweets / they / get fat
6) You / mix / water and electricity / you / get a shock
7) Anna / not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke
8) I / wake up late / I / be / late for work
9) My husband / cook / he / burn the food
10) It / not rain / the flowers / die
3. Đáp án
3.1.
1) B 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) A
6) A 7) B 8) C 9) A 10) C
3.2.
1) If I didn’t have a cold, I would have gone to work yesterday.
2) If a dog hadn’t bitten me when I was a child, I wouldn’t be scared of dogs now.
3) If I wasn’t worried about tomorrow’s exam, I would have gone to the party last night.
4) If I hadn’t forgotten to bring my umbrella, I wouldn’t be so wet now.
5) If I knew how to ski, I would have gone skiing with Tom last week.
6) If he were rich, he would have bought that house last month.
7) If I hadn’t missed the end of the film, I would know who the murderer was.
8) She wouldn’t get high score today if she hadn’t done the homework last night.
9) I wouldn’t be tired now if I hadn’t gone home late yesterday.
10) His parents wouldn’t have spoiled him if he weren’t an only child.
3.3.
1) had won
2) would be moving
3) wouldn’t be
4) hadn’t eaten
5) were
6) would have
7) wouldn’t have come
8) didn’t have
9) had played / would have
10) had rained / would be
3.4.
1) A 2) A 3) B 4) C 5) B
6) A 7) B 8) C 9) A 10) C
3.5.
1) If I speak to Jack, he gets annoyed.
2) If you heat ice, it melts.
3) If children play outside, they don’t get overweight.
4) If you smoke, you get yellow fingers.
5) If people eat too many sweets, they get fat.
6) If you mix water and electricity, you get a shock.
7) If Anna doesn’t wear a hat, ghe gets sunstroke.
8) If I wake up late, I’m late for work.
9) If my husband cooks, he burns the food.
10) If it doesn’t rain, the flowers die.
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