Psychological reasons for wearing garments include

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. 

If we believe that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume with the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular use, then we can say that clothing depend primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile manufacture, whereas costume reflect social factors such as religious beliefs, aesthetics, personal status, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate our fellows.

The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first covered our bodies for some physical reason such as protecting ourselves from the weather elements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty in the case of ancients, and taboo, magical influence and the desire to please for the moderns.

In early history, costume must have fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility, perhaps through some magical significance, investing primitive man with the attributes of other creatures. Ornaments identified the wearer with animals, gods, heroes or other men. This identification remains symbolic in more sophisticated societies. We should bear in mind that the theater has its distant origins in sacred performances, and in all period children at play have worn disguises, so as to adapt gradually to adult life.

Costume helped inspire fear or impose authority. For a chieftain, costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. In more recent times, professional or administrative costume has been devised to distinguish the wearer and express personal or delegated authority; this purpose is seen clearly in the judge’s robes and the police officer’s uniform. Costume denotes power, and since power is usually equated with wealth, costume came to be an expression of social caste and material prosperity. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended to intimidate, to protect the body and to express membership in a group. At the bottom of the scale, there are such compulsory costumes as the convict’s uniform. Finally, costume can possess a religious significance that combines various elements: an actual or symbolic identification with a god, the desire to express this in earthly life, and the desire to enhance the wearer’s position of respect.

Psychological reasons for wearing garments include ___________.

• A. protection from cold
• B. availability of materials
• C. prevention of illness
• D. wishing to give pleasure

• Câu 2: Mã câu hỏi: 36224

  Why does the author mention the police officer’s uniform?

  • A. To illustrate the aesthetic function of costume
  • B. To identify the wearer with a hero
  • C. To suggest that police are superhuman
  • D. To show how costume signifies authority

• Câu 3: Mã câu hỏi: 36225

  The passage mainly discusses costumes in term of its __________.

  • A. physical protection
  • B. religious significance
  • C. social function
  • D. beauty and attractiveness

• Câu 4: Mã câu hỏi: 36226

  What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

  • A. To describe the uses of costume
  • B. To contrast costume with the clothing
  • C. To trade the origins of costume
  • D. To point out that clothing developed before costume

• Câu 5: Mã câu hỏi: 36227

  The word “scale” in the last paragraph refers to ____________.

  • A. symbolic identification
  • B. military rank
  • C. social position
  • D. the balance

• Câu 6: Mã câu hỏi: 36258

  Which of the following would most likely NOT be reflected in a person’s costume, as it is defined in the passage?

  • A. Having a heart condition
  • B. Playing in a baseball game
  • C. Working in a hospital 
  • D. Participating in a religious ceremony

• Câu 7: Mã câu hỏi: 36259

  It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that __________.

  • A. The function of costume has become very sophisticated
  • B. Children like to identify with other creature by wearing costumes
  • C. Primitive people wore cloths only for sacred performances
  • D. Costume no longer fulfills a function beyond simple utility