According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Paul Martin?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 71 to 80.

     We live in a world of tired, sleep deprived people. In his book Counting Sheep, Paul Martin - a behavioural biologist - describes a society which is just too busy to sleep and which does not give sleeping the importance it deserves.  
     Modern society has invented reasons not to sleep. We are now a 24/7 society where shops and services must be available all hours. We spend longer hours at work than we used to, and more time getting to work. Mobile phones and email allow us to stay in touch round the clock and late-night TV and the Internet tempt us away from our beds. When we need more time for work or pleasure, the easy solution is to sleep less. The average adult sleeps only 6.2 hours a night during the week, whereas research shows that most people need eight or even eight and a half hours' sleep to feel at their best. Nowadays, many people have got used to sleeping less than they need and they live in an almost permanent state of "sleep debt".   
     Until the invention of the electric light in 1879 our daily cycle of sleep used to depend on the hours of daylight. People would get up with the sun and go to bed at nightfall. But nowadays our hours of sleep are mainly determined by our working hours (or our social life) and most people are woken up artificially by an alarm clock. During the day caffeine, the world's most popular drug, helps to keep us awake. 75% of the world's population habitually consume caffeine, which up to a point masks the symptoms of sleep deprivation. 
     What does a chronic lack of sleep do to us? As well as making us irritable and unhappy as humans, it also reduces our motivation and ability to work. This has serious implications for society in general. Doctors, for example, are often chronically sleep deprived, especially when they are on "night call", and may get less than three hours' sleep. Lack of sleep can seriously impair their mood, judgment, and ability to take decisions. Tired engineers, in the early hours of the morning, made a series of mistakes with catastrophic results. On our roads and motorways lack of sleep kills thousands of people every year. Tests show that a tired driver can be just as dangerous as a drunken driver. However, driving when drunk is against the law but driving when exhausted isn't. As Paul Martin says, it is very ironic that we admire people who function on very little sleep instead of criticizing them for being irresponsible. Our world would be a much safer, happier place if everyone, whatever their job, slept eight hours a night.

New English File Upper-intermediate by Clive Oxenden and Christina Latham-Koenig, OUP

According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Paul Martin?

• A. He shows his concern for sleep deprivation in modern society.
• B. He describes the modern world as a place without insomnia.
• C. He is a scientist who is chronically deprived of sleep.
• D. He gives an interesting account of a sleepless society.

• Câu 2: Mã câu hỏi: 2340

  The phrase “round the clock” in the second paragraph is similar in meaning to ______.

• Câu 3: Mã câu hỏi: 2348

  The writer mentions the Internet in the passage as ______.

  • A. an easy solution to sleep deprivation
  • B. a temptation that prevents us from sleeping
  • C. a factor that is not related to sleep deprivation
  • D. an ineffective means of communication

• Câu 4: Mã câu hỏi: 2352

  According to the third paragraph, which of  the following statements is NOT TRUE?

  • A. The electric light was invented in the 19th century.
  • B. The sun obviously determined our daily routines.
  • C. The electric light has changed our daily cycle of sleep.
  • D. Our social life has no influence on our hours of sleep.

• Câu 5: Mã câu hỏi: 2356

  The word “which” in the third paragraph refers to ______.

• Câu 6: Mã câu hỏi: 2360

  Which of the following is TRUE, according to the last paragraph?

  • A. Sleep deprivation has negative effects on both individuals and society.
  • B. Doctors ‘on night call’ do not need more than three hours of sleep a day.
  • C. Thousands of people are killed every day by drunken drivers.
  • D. Our motivation decreases with the bigger number of hours we sleep.

• Câu 7: Mã câu hỏi: 2369

  The word “catastrophic”  in the last paragraph probably means ______.

  • A. likely to become worthless
  • B. becoming more noticeable
  • C. bound to bring satisfaction
  • D. causing serious damage or loss

• Câu 8: Mã câu hỏi: 2380

  Which of the following would the writer of the passage approve of?

  • A. Both drunken drivers and sleep-deprived people should be criticized.
  • B. There is no point in criticizing irresponsible people in our society.
  • C. We certainly can function well even when we hardly sleep.
  • D. Our world would be a much safer place without drinkers.

• Câu 9: Mã câu hỏi: 2388

  All of the following are mentioned as those whose performance is affected by ‘sleep debt’ EXCEPT ______.

  • A. drivers
  • B. doctors
  • C. engineers
  • D. biologists

• Câu 10: Mã câu hỏi: 2393

  Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage? 

  • A. A Well-known Biologist
  • B. Sleep Deprivation: Causes and Effects
  • C. Accident Prevention: Urgent! 
  • D. A Society of Sleepless People