Giới từ trong Tiếng Anh và bài tập kèm theo

GIỚI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ BÀI TẬP KÈM THEO

1.1. Định nghĩa về giới từ

Giới từ (Preposition) là những từ (in, on, at,…) thường đứng trước danh từ, cụm danh từ hoặc danh động từ. 
Ví dụ:

• I go to the zoo on sunday.
• I was sitting in the park at 6pm.

Ở ví dụ 1 “sunday” là tân ngữ của giới từ “on”. Ở ví dụ 2, “the park” là tân ngữ của giới từ “in”.
Chú ý: Các bạn phải luôn phân biệt trạng từ (adverb) và giới từ, vì thường khi một từ có hai chức năng đó (vừa là trạng từ và giới từ). Điều khác nhau cơ bản là Trạng từ thì không có tân ngữ theo sau.

1.2. Các loại giới từ

Dưới đây là một số qui tắc sử dụng của các loại giới từ phổ biến trong tiếng Anh:

Giới từ chỉ thời gian

Giới từ	Cách sử dụng	Ví dụ
on	ngày trong tuần	on Thursday
in	tháng / mùa thời gian trong ngày năm sau một khoảng thời gian nhất định	in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour
at	cho night cho weekend một mốc thời gian nhất định	at night at the weekend at half past nine
since	từ khoảng thời gian nhất định trong quá khứ đến hiện tại	since 1980
for	một khoảng thời gian nhất định tính từ quá khứ đến hiện tại	for 2 years
ago	khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ	2 years ago
before	trước khoảng thời gian	before 2004
to	nói về thời gian	ten to six (5:50)
past	nói về thời gian	ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until	đánh dấu bắt đầu và kết thúc của khoảng thời gian	from Monday to/till Friday
till / until	cho đến khi	He is on holiday until Friday.
by	in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time	I will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o’clock, I had read five pages.

Giới từ chỉ vị trí

Giới từ	Cách dùng	Ví dụ
in	room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world	in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world
at	meaning next to, by an object for table for events vị trí mà bạn làm gì đó (watch a film, study, work)	at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work
on	attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio	the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside	bên phải của ai đó hoặc cái gì đó	Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
under	trên bề mặt thấp hơn (hoặc bị bao phủ bởi) cái khác	the bag is under the table
below	thấp hơn cái khác nhưng cao hơn mặt đất	the fish are below the surface
over	bị bao phủ bởi cái khác nhiều hơn vượt qua một cái gì đó	put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall
above	vị trí cao hơn một cái gì đó	a path above the lake
across	vượt qua băng qua về phía bên kia	walk across the bridge swim across the lake
through	something with limits on top, bottom and the sides	drive through the tunnel
to	movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed	go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed
into	enter a room / a building	go into the kitchen / the house
towards	movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)	go 5 steps towards the house
onto	movement to the top of something	jump onto the table
from	in the sense of where from	a flower from the garden

Một số giới từ quan trọng khác:

Giới từ	Cách dùng	Ví dụ
from	who gave it	a present from Jane
of	who/what does it belong to what does it show	a page of the book the picture of a palace
by	who made it	a book by Mark Twain
on	walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle	on foot, on horseback get on the bus
in	entering a car  / Taxi	get in the car
off	leaving a public transport vehicle	get off the train
out of	leaving a car  / Taxi	get out of the taxi
by	rise or fall of something travelling (other than walking or horseriding)	prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus
at	for age	she learned Russian at 45
about	for topics, meaning what about	we were talking about you

2.1.  Fill in prepositions of time “AT / IN / ON” as in the example:

1. .. on … Saturday 8. ………… 9 o’clock 15. ………… autumn

2. ………. July 9. ………… Christmas 16. ……….. half past two

3. ………. 1984 10. ………… September 28th 17. ………… Monday morning

4. ………. March 25th 11…………. 1991 18. ………… Easter

5. ………. Friday 12. ……….. August 29th 19. …………10 o’clock

6. ………. summer 13. ……….. winter 20. …………Thursday afternoon

7. ………. the morning 14. ……….. the evening 21. ………… noon

2.2. Fill in “AT / IN / ON” as in the example:

1. …in….. December 6. ………… February 8th 11. ………… a quarter past six

2. ………. midnight 7. ………… noon 12. ………… Saturday night

3. ………. 1982 8. ………… 1964 13. ………... Friday evening

4. ………. April 9. ………… spring 14. ……….. Monday

5. ………. April 2nd 10. ……….. night 15. ……….. June 26th

2.3. Fill in the blanks with “AT / IN / ON” as in the example:

1. We always go on holiday ….. in ……. summer.

2. My mother usually goes shopping …………….. Friday morning.

3. I always do my homework ……………… the evening.

4. The circus usually comes to our town ………………. spring.

5. Sophia’s birthday is …………… May 16th.

6. I usually get up ……………….. seven o’clock.

7. My favorite television programme begins …………… 6:30 …………. the evening.

8. Sometimes it snows ……………….. winter.

9. My friend’s birthday is ……………… June.

10. Some birds and animals come out ……………… night.

2.4. Fill in the blanks using the correct prepositions

1. My lesson starts at five o'clock.

a) on b) at c) in

2. My father usually buys a newspaper the morning.

a) on b) at c) in

3. We wear warm clothes winter.

a) on b) at c) in

4. We get presents Christmas.

a) on b) at c) in

5. I usually visit my grandparents Sunday afternoon.

a) on b) at c) in

6. John's birthday is August 16th.

a) on b) at c) in

7. The film finishes 9:30.

a)on b) at c) in

8. The supermarket is closed Sunday.

a) on b) at c) in

2.5. Fill in "AT", "IN" or "ON":

My birthday is .... on ..... the 30th of July. Last year I had a great day. I got up ..............
8 o'clock ............. the morning and tidied the house. Then ............. the afternoon I went into town with my friend to buy food for the party. The party started ............. 7 o'clock .......... the evening and didn't stop until very late ............. night! .............. the 31st of July I was very tired, so I went to bed early ............. the evening.

2.6. Fill in the spaces in the invitation with "IN","ON" or "AT":

I'm going to have a party! I hope you can come!!

It's going to start ......... 5 o'clock ........ the afternoon .......... the second Saturday ......... August. We're going to have it in Tom's house on Wilton Avenue. There's a big garden and we're going to have the party in the garden.

Did you know that my birthday is ........ the eighth? But as you can see, the party is going to be .......... the tenth. Why? Parties are better .......... the weekend!

BIRTHDAY PRESENTS WELCOME ANYDAY!!!!

2.7. Put in the correct prepositions AT / ON / IN:

1. Columbos discovered America 1492.

2. You can see the stars ............... night, if the sky is clear.

3. Tom isn't here ............. the moment. He'll be back ............. five minutes.

4. The course begins ........... 7 January and ends ............ 10 March.

5. Tom's grandmother died ........... 1977 ........... the age of 79.

6. The price of electricity is going up ............. October.

7. Ann works hard during the week, so she likes to relax ............. weekends.

8. I can't be at home ............ the morning. Can you phone me .......... the afternoon instead?

9. Jack's brother is an engineer but he's out of work ........... the moment.

10.............. Sunday afternoons I usually go for a walk in the country.

11. Tom doesn't see his parents very often these days- usually only ........... Christmas and sometimes............ the summer for a few days.

12. The telephone and the doorbell rang ............. the same time.

13. I walk up a lot of stairs everyday. My flat is ............. the third floor and there is no lift.

14. We went to the theatre last night. We had seats ............ the front row.

15 .It can be dangerous when children play football .............. the street.

16. I can't find Tom ............ in this photograph.

17. Do you take sugar .............. your coffee?

18. You can find the sports results .............. back page of the newspaper.

19. Sue and Dave got married ............... Manchester four years ago.

20. Paris is .............. the river Seine.

21. Mr. Boyle's office is ............. the first floor. When you come out of the lift, it's the third floor............. your left.

22. Turn left ............. the traffic lights.

23. In most countries people drive ............. the right.

24. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday ............... the Swiss Alps.

25. She spends all day sitting ............. the window and watching what is happening outside.

2.8. Fill in the blanks using correct prepositions:

1. Cenk lives .............. 810 İstiklal Street.

2. The course begins ............. 8 June and ends .............. October.

3. Peter is ............. class 2 B.

4. Peter goes to school .............. Monday ............. Friday.

5. Students haven't got any lessons ............. the weekends.

6. Sheila gets up ............. 6.30 every morning.

7. Mike and his family go for a walk ............ the evenings.

8. Michael has got a lot of posters and pictures .............. cars .......... the wall .......... his room.

9. I go to school ........... bus, not ........... foot.

10. I went to bed ............ midnight and got up ............. 10.00 .......... the morning.

11. Mozart was born .............. Salzburg ............. 1756.

12. There is a car in ........... .............. our house.

13. Who is sitting .............. to you?

14. There is a light ............... the table.

15. Hurry up! We are going to the cinema ............... five minutes.

16. I haven't seen Ann for a few days. I last saw her ............. Tuesday.

17. Jack's brother is an engineer but he's out of work ............ the moment.

2.9. Fill in the blanks using correct prepositions:

1. I looked at the bookcase and saw an interesting story book ............. the top shelf.

2 ............... sunny days we usually go on a picnic.

3. I usually listen ........... pop music, because I'm interested ............ it.

4. Mary was born ......... 20th March ............ 1982.

5. We had to work everyday .............. last summer.

6.. ............. Christmas I'd like to visit my relatives.

7. I last saw him ............ last March.

8. Section 5 is .............. the first floor of the Prep School.

9. You mustn't smoke ............... a bus.

10. Ahmet's grandmother died ........... 1990 ............. the age of 81.

11. Were there many people ............. the concert?

12. He speaks quite good French. He studied ........... Paris for a year.

2.10. Fill in the blanks using correct prepositions:

1. Mr. Mailer: Where's Dr. Perez's office?

Miss King : You need to go ............ one floor. His office is on the third floor, not the fourth floor.

2. Jimmy was getting ready for school. He was looking for his clothes.

His mother said, "Your shirt is ........... the chair. Your socks are ............ the drawer. Your shoes are............. the bed."

3. Get ........... the bus! It's about to go.

4. The car .............. mine braked very hard and hit my car.

5. You walk very fast. You're always five steps ................ me.

6. There are emergency telephones all ............ the E-5 Motorway.

7. I will be very angry with you if I see your bicycle leaning .............. the rose tree again.

8. There's a big dog ............ you. Quick! Run away!

9. Someone parked his car .......... ............ of my gate. I can't go out.

10. There is a concert. A lot of people are ................ the stadium.

11. Mary is sitting ............... John and Sebastian.

12. The dog is swimming ............. the river.

13. Ali is next to Barış or Ali is ................ Barış.

3.1.

1. on	2. in	3. in	4. on	5. on	6. in	7. in
8. at	9. at	10. on	11. in	12. on	13. in	14. in
15. in	16. at	17. on	18. at	19. at	20. on	21. at

3.2.

1. in	2. at	3. in	4. in	5. on
6. on	7. at	8. in	9. in	10. at
11. at	12. on	13. on	14. on	15. on

3.3.

1. in	2. on	3. in	4. in	5. in
6. at	7. at - in	8. in	9. in	10. at

3.4.

1. at

2. in

3. in

4. at

5. on

6. on

7. at

8. on

3.5.

My birthday is …. on ….. the 30th of July. Last year I had a great day. I got up ……at……..8 o’clock ……in……. the morning and tidied the house. Then ……in……. the afternoon I went into town with my friend to buy food for the party. The party started ……at……. 7 o’clock …in……. the evening and didn’t stop until very late ……at……. night! ……On…….. the 31st of July I was very tired, so I went to bed early ……in……. the evening.

3.6.

I’m going to have a party! I hope you can come!!

It’s going to start ……… 5 o’clock …….. the afternoon

……on….. the second Saturday ……in… August. We’re going to have it in Tom’s house on Wilton Avenue. There’s a big garden and we’re going to have the party in the garden.

Did you know that my birthday is …in….. the eighth? But as you can see, the party is going to be …in……. the tenth. Why? Parties are better ……at…. the weekend!

BIRTHDAY PRESENTS WELCOME ANYDAY!!!!

3.7.

1. in	2. at	3. at - in	4. on - on	5. in -at
6. in	7. at	8. in -in	9. at	10. On
11. at - in	12. at	13. on	14. in	15. on
16. in	17. in	18. on	19. in	20. in
21. on	22. at	23. on	24. at	25. at

3.8.

1. at	2. on	3. in	4. in	5. from - to	6. at
7. in	8. and - on- for	9. by - on	10. at - at - in	11. at - in	12. in
13. behind	14. on	15. in	16. on	17. at

3.9.

1. on	2. On	3. to - in	4. on - in	5. in	6. At
7. in	8. on	9. in	10. in - at	11. at	12. in

3.10.

1. down	2. on	3. on	4. of	5.	6. on
7. on	8. behind	9. In front	10. in	11. between	12. in	13.beside

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• Tổng hợp các từ hạn định trong Tiếng Anh và bài tập áp dụng
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