What aspect of panel paintings does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 45 to 54.

     Panel painting, common in thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Europe, involved a  painstaking, laborious process. Wooden planks were  joined, covered with gesso to  prepare the surface for painting, and then polished smooth with special tools. On this perfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks,  and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg yolk in which pigments are suspended) with small brushes. The successive layering  of these meticulously applied paints produced the final translucent colors.  
     Backgrounds or gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and then embellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which a pattern had been embossed. Every step in the process was slow and deliberate. The quick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know exactly where each stroke be placed  before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was, therefore, an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areas of  color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that an artist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration was  completely alien to these deliberately produced works.
     Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demanded assistance. All such work was done by collective enterprise in the workshops. The painter or master who is credited with having created the painting may have designed the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the  artist’s hand applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been trained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probably provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied the gold. Thus, not only many hands, but also many shops were involved in the final product. In spite of  problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation, many panel paintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections.

What aspect of panel paintings does the passage mainly discuss?

• A. Different styles
• B. Famous examples
• C. Production
• D. Restoration

• Câu 2: Mã câu hỏi: 6983

  According to the passage, what was the first step in making a panel painting?

  • A. Mixing the paint
  • B. Making ink drawings
  • C. Preparing the panel
  • D. Buying the gold leaf

• Câu 3: Mã câu hỏi: 6993

  The word "it" refers to ________.

• Câu 4: Mã câu hỏi: 7010

  The word "deliberate" is closest in meaning to ________.

  • A. careful
  • B. decisive
  • C. unusual
  • D. natural

• Câu 5: Mã câu hỏi: 7018

  Which of the following processes produced the translucent colors found on panel paintings?

  • A. Applying many layers of paint
  • B. Joining wooden planks to form large sheets
  • C. Polishing the gesso
  • D. Covering the background with gold leaf

• Câu 6: Mã câu hỏi: 7022

  What characteristic of tempera paint is mentioned in the passage?

  • A. It has to be applied directly to wood
  • B. It is difficult to make.
  • C. It dries quickly.
  • D. It dissolves easily.

• Câu 7: Mã câu hỏi: 7034

  The word "demanded" is closest in meaning to ________.

  • A. ordered
  • B. required
  • C. reported
  • D. questioned

• Câu 8: Mã câu hỏi: 7037

  The "collective enterprise" mentioned includes all of the following EXCEPT______.

  • A. supplying the gold leaf
  • B. applying the paint
  • C. selling then painting
  • D. building the panels

• Câu 9: Mã câu hỏi: 7040

  The word "imitate" is closest in meaning to _______. 

  • A. copy
  • B. believe in
  • C. promote
  • D. illustrate

• Câu 10: Mã câu hỏi: 7043

  The author mentions all of the following as problems with the survival of panel paintings EXCEPT _______.

  • A. condition
  • B. restoration
  • C. preservation
  • D. theft