Unit 3 lớp 10 Language Focus - Ngữ pháp People's Background

Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

• Cấu tạo: Had + Past Participle
• Cách dùng:
  • Diễn tả một việc xảy ra trước một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ
    • By 2000 I had graduated from University.
    • By 1900 my father had become famous.
  • Diễn tả một việc xảy ra trước một sự việc khác xảy ra trong quá khứ
    • He had had dinner before he went to bed.
    • After she had had breakfast, she went to school.
  • Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trước một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ
    • He had travelled to many countries before he set up his business.
  • Thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường được sử dụng với "by" 
    • By 1970 we had moved our house to London.
    • By the time I got home, my husband had cooked dinner.
  • Khi mối quan hệ giữa hai hành động trong quá khứ rõ ràng (như trong các sử dụng với before, after, as soon as) thì ta có thể dùng quá khứ đơn cho cả hai động từ.
    • After she had appeared in the film, she got a part in another movie.

Use the verbs in brackets in the past perfect. (Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. Because he (break) her favourite vase.

2. When I (do) all my homework.

3. No, I (meet) them before.

4. She suddenly remembered she (not turn off) the gas stove.

5. They said it was the loveliest city they ever (see).

6. It rained yesterday after it (be) dry for months.

7. By the time he arrived, all his classmates (leave).

8. We didn't have their new phone number because they (move) to the South.

9. When they met again, they (not see) each other for 10 years.

10. When I came, the room was in a terrible mess because someone (break in).

Guide to answer

1. had broken

2. had done

3. had met

4. had not turned off

5. had ever seen

6. had been

7. had left

8. had moved

9. had not seen

10. had broken in

Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect. (Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành.)

1. We just (finish) dinner when they (come).

2. He seldom (travel) by bicycle before he (go) to Vietnam. 

3. Ann (go) to get the carpet for the room but someone already (take) it. 

4. You (manage) to see the Director, or he (go) out by the time you (get) there?

5. He just (get) home when you (phone). He (be) in New York.

Guide to answer

1. has just finished - came

2. had seldom traveled - went

3. went - had already taken

4. Did ... manage - had ... gone - got

5. had just got - phoned - had been

There are five mistakes in the use of tenses in the following story. Find and correct them. (Có 5 lỗi về cách dùng các thì trong câu chuyện sau. Tìm và sửa chúng.)

While George was reading in bed, two thieves had climbed into his kitchen. When they had entered the house, they went into the dinning room. It was very dark, so they had turned on a torch. Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them.

"What's up? What's up?" a voice had called out. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

George had heard a noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the light but he couldn't see anybody. The thieves already went. But George's parrot, Henry, was still there.

Guide to answer

While George was reading in bed, two thieves had climbed -> climbed into his kitchen. When they had entered the house, they went into the dinning room. It was very dark, so they had turned -> turned on a torch. Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them.

"What's up? What's up?" a voice had called out -> called out. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.

George had heard -> heard a noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the light but he couldn't see anybody. The thieves already went -> had already gone. But George's parrot, Henry, was still there.

1/ When they got home, the film started.

First they got home. Then the film started.
First the film started. Then they got home.

2/ When he arrived at the school, the first lesson had started.

First he arrived at the school. Then the first lesson started.
First the first lesson started. Then he arrived at the school.

3/ By the time she retired, she had appeared in about twenty plays.

First she retired. Then she appeared in about twenty plays.
First she appeared in about twenty plays. Then she retired.

4/ Mark had written 15 novels by the time he decided to give up writing.

First Mark wrote 15 novels. Then he decided to give up writing.
First Mark decided to give up writing. Then he wrote 15 novels.

5/ Peter had already got a job before he started his own business.

First Peter got a job. Then he started his own business.
First Peter started his own business. Then he got a job.

6/ The girl left the room after they had come in.

First the girl left the room. Then they came in.
First they came in. Then the girl left the room.

7/ By the end of the movie, we had gone.

First the movie ended. Then we went.
First we went. Then the movie ended.

8/ When my brother went to bed, he had switched off the lights.

First my brother went to bed. Then he switched off the lights.
First my brother switched off the lights. Then he went to bed.

9/ Tom sold his bike after he had sold his car.

First Tom sold his bike. Then he sold his car.
First Tom sold his car. Then he sold his bike.

10/ Tony had bought a new computer before he bought a new laptop.

First Tony bought a new computer. Then he bought a new laptop.
First Tony bought a new computer. Then he bought a new laptop.

Key

1/ B. First the film started. Then they got home.

2/ B. First the first lesson started. Then he arrived at the school.

3/ B. First she appeared in about twenty plays. Then she retired.

4/ A. First Mark wrote 15 novels. Then he decided to give up writing.

5/ A. First Peter got a job. Then he started his own business.

6/ B. First they came in. Then the girl left the room.

7/ B. First we went. Then the movie ended.

8/ B. First my brother switched off the lights. Then he went to bed.

9/ B. First Tom sold his car. Then he sold his bike.

10/ A. First Tony bought a new computer. Then he bought a new laptop.

Trên đây là tóm tắt nội dung lý thuyết ngữ pháp và hướng dẫn bài tập Language Focus Unit 3 tiếng Anh lớp 10, để củng cố kiến thức ngữ pháp vừa học mời các em tham gia thực hành Trắc nghiệm Unit 3 lớp 10 Language Focus

• Câu 1:

  Choose the one word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence.

  The man looked familiar. I ................... him somewhere before.

  • A. saw
  • B. have seen
  • C. had seen
  • D. see

• Câu 2:

  Last night a tornado swept through Rockville. It ................. everything in its path.

  • A. destroyed
  • B. was destroyed
  • C. had destroyed
  • D. has destroyed

• Câu 3:

  In spite of.................., we decided to go out.

  • A. we felt very tired
  • B. feeling tired
  • C. all of us felt tired
  • D. tired

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