Bài 2.18 trang 92 sách bài tập Hình học 10

Tam giác ABC cân tại A, H là trung điểm của BC nên \(AH\perp BC\).
Có \(\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{BD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AH}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BH}+\overrightarrow{HD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BH}+\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{HD}+\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{BH}+\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{HD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{HD}+\overrightarrow{AD}.\overrightarrow{BH}\right)\) (do \(AH\perp BC\) )
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AH}.\left(\overrightarrow{BH}+\overrightarrow{HD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AH}+\overrightarrow{HD}\right).\overrightarrow{BH}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BH}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{HD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BH}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{HD}.\overrightarrow{BH}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{HD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{HD}.\overrightarrow{BH}\) ( do \(AH\perp BC\) )
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{HD}\left(\overrightarrow{AH}+\overrightarrow{BH}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{HD}\left(\overrightarrow{AH}+\overrightarrow{HC}\right)\) ( doM là trung điểm của BC).
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{HD}.\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=0\) (Do \(HD\perp AC\) )