So sánh thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn

SO SÁNH THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH VÀ THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN

I. Cấu trúc của hai thì

1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Khẳng định: S + has/have + V Past Participle

She has been a teacher for 3 years

(Cô ấy làm giáo viên khoảng 3 năm)

They have been famous footballers since they played in this team

(Họ là những cầu thủ bóng đá nổi tiếng kể từ khi họ chơi trong đội bóng này)

Phủ định: S + has/have + not + V Past Participle

I haven’t seen this movie before

Nghi vấn: Has/Have + S + V Past Participle ..?

Trả lời câu hỏi:

Yes, S + has/have.

No, S + has/have + not.

(Trước đây tôi chưa xem phim này)

Have you seen this movie before?

(Trước đây bạn đã xem phim này chưa?)

Yes, I have

(vâng , tôi đã xem)

No, I haven’t

( không, tôi vẫn chưa xem)

2. Thì quá khứ đơn

Động từ to be

Khẳng định:   

I/he/she/it + was

You/we/they + were

It was in 1998 that she was born.

(Đó là vào năm 1998, cô ấy được sinh ra)

Phủ định:    

I/he/she/it  + wasn't

You/we/they +  weren't

They weren’t good men.

(Họ là những người đàn ông không tốt)

Nghi vấn :   

was + I/he/she/it + O?

Were + you/we/they + O?

Were you the best student in your class?

(Bạn có phải là học sinh giỏi nhất lớp không?)

Động từ thường

Khẳng định:   

S + V-ed/irregular verbs

She studied hard to pass the exam.

(Cô ấy học chăm chỉ để vượt qua kỳ thi)

Phủ định:     

S + didn't + V-inf

Last Sunday I didn't play football. I went swimming.

(Chủ nhật tuần trước tôi không đi chơi bóng đá. Tôi đã đi bơi)

Nghi vấn:   

Did + S + V-inf?

Did she do her homework?

(Cô ấy đã làm bài tập về nhà của cô ấy chưa?)

II. Cách sử dụng của thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành: diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời gian và còn tiếp diễn hoặc liên quan đến hiện tại.

He has lived in this city.

(Anh ấy sống ở thành phố này)

He's lost his pen. He uses a balpen.

(Anh ấy mất cây viết. Anh ấy dùng viết bi)

Thì Quá khứ đơn: diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ hay có thời gian cụ thể.

He lost his pen.

(Anh ấy đã mất cây viết)

He lost his pen last Monday.

(Anh ấy mất cây viết thứ hai rồi)

Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành: diễn tả hành động xảy ra suốt một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ và hiện tại vẫn còn.

We have worked in this company for two years.

(Chúng tôi làm việc ở công ty này được hai năm)

Thì Quá khứ đơn: diễn tả hành động xảy ra suối một thời gian trong quá khứ và đã chấm dứt.

We worked in this company for two years.

(Chúng tôi đã làm việc ở công ty này hai năm.)

Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành thường dùng trong báo chí. truyền thanh, truyền hình để giới thiệu những tin mới. Nhưng khi tiếp tục nói về những tin này. chúng ta phải dùng Thì Quá khứ đơn

There’s been an accident on Main Street. Fortunately there was only a man slightly injured in the arm.

(Có một tai nạn ở đường Chính. May thay chỉ có một người bị thương nhẹ ở cánh tay)

III. Dấu hiệu nhận biết của hai thì

1. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Since + thời điểm trong quá khứ: since 1992, since May.: kể từ khi

I have studied English since 2006

(Tôi đã học tiếng Anh từ năm 2006)

For + khoảng thời gian: for five days, for five minutes, ….: trong vòng

Ví dụ:

She has lived in Hanoi for 2 years

(Cô ấy đã sống ở Hà nội khoảng 2 năm)

Already: đã

Dùng trong câu khẳng định hay câu hỏi, “already” có thể đứng ngay sau have và cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.

We have already written our reports.

(Chúng tôi đã viết báo cáo của chúng tôi) 

Yet: chưa

Dùng trong câu phủ định hoặc nghi vấn. “yet” thường đứng cuối câu.

She hasn’t told me about you yet.

(Cô ấy vẫn chưa kể với tôi về bạn)

Just: vừa mới

Dùng để chỉ một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.

I have just come back home.

(Tôi vừa mới về nhà)

Recently, Lately: gần đây

I have seen this film recently.

(Tôi xem bộ phim này gần đây)

So far, up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time: đến tận bây giờ.

Ever: đã từng

Never… before: chưa bao giờ

In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time: trong thời gian qua

2. Thì quá khứ đơn

Last night/ year/month (tối hôm trước/năm trước/tháng trước).

Last night I watched TV with my mother

(Tối qua, tôi xem TV cùng mẹ)

yesterday (hôm qua)

I went to the supermarket yesterday

(Tôi đã đi siêu thị hôm qua)

 in + Mốc thời gian (in 2018)

I graduated from university in 2017.

(Tôi đã tốt nghiệp đại học năm 2017)

Chia các động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì quá khứ đơn

1. He (write)..............five letters.

2. The children.........at home last weekend. (not/to be)

3. (be / you)..............at school?

4. School (not / start)..............yet.

5. (speak / he)..............to his boss

6.  I.........my Maths homework yesterday. (to do)

7. .........Susan.........to England by plane? (to go)

8.  They.........a farm two weeks ago. (to visit)

9. She (not / see)..............him for a long time.

10.  Jenny and Peggy.........their brother. (not/to help)

ĐÁP ÁN

1. He has written five letters.

2. The children were not at home last weekend.

3. Have you been at school?

4. School has not started yet.

5. Has he spoken to his boss?

6. I did my Maths homework yesterday.

7. Did Susan go to England by plane?

8. They visited a farm two weeks ago.

9. Jenny and Peggy did not help their brother.

10. She has not seen him for a long time.

PHẦN 1

Hoàn thành các bài tập và các câu sau với thì hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn

Bài tập 1:

1) The police....................two people early this morning. (arrest)

2) She............... Japan but now she...............back. (go - come)

3) Dan..................two tablets this year. (already/ buy)

4) How many games.................so far this season? (your team/ win)

5)................the CN Tower when you................in Toronto? (you/ visit - stay)

6)....................your homework yet? – Yes, I.................it an hour ago. (you/ do - finish)

7) There...................an accident in High Street, so we have to use King Street to get to your school. (to be)

8) I...............Peter since I...............last Tuesday. (not/ see - arrive)

9) Frank..................his bike last May. So he...................it for 4 months. (get - have)

10) I'm sorry, I..................earlier, but I..................a lot lately. (not/ write - work)

Đáp án

1 - arrested; 2 - went - has come; 3 - has already bought; 4 - has your team won; 5 - Did you visit - stayed; 

6 - Have you done - finished; 7 - has been; 8 - haven't seen - arrived; 9 - got - has had; 10 - haven't written - have worked

Bài tập 2:

1) Peter............... football yesterday (play)

2) They................. the car. It looks new again. (clean)

3) Last year we.................. to Italy. (be)

4) John and Peggy...................... the book. Now they can watch the film. (read)

5) I................. my friend two days ago. (meet)

6) We never…………….... another country before. (visit)

7) She......................... a new car in 2011. (buy)

8) I'm sorry, but I........................... my homework. (forget)

9)............you.................. the game of chess? (win)

10) The girls........................ their lunch yet. (eat)

Đáp án

1 - played;

2 - have cleant;

3 - were;

4 - have read;

5 - met; 

6 - have never visited;

7 - bought;

8 - have forgotten;

9 - Did you win;

10 - have eaten; 

Bài tập 3

1) I.................my keys, so I can't open that door. (lose)

2) Columbus........................in the New World in 1492. (arrive)

3) Nina..........................her leg. She is still in hospital. (break)

4) He............................here all his life. (live)

5) Colin........................for Brazil this morning. (leave)

6) Last winter Robin..........................with his father in the Alps for three days. (stay)

7) Ellen..........................with her left hand. (always/ write)

8) She...............................a language course in Paris last summer. (do)

9)......................anyone...........................yet? (phone)

10) I...............Paul today, but I.................him last Sunday. (see)

Đáp án

1 - have lost;

2 - arrived;

3 - has broken;

4 - has lived;

5 - left;

6 - stayed;

7 - has always written;

8 - did ;

9 - Has anyone phoned;

10 - haven't seen/saw;

Bài tập 4:

1) They..................all the new words. They needn't worry about the test. (learn)

2) Three people.................him in hospital last Friday. (visit)

3) Martin................for 50 miles on scenic routes three weeks ago. (cycle)

4) We........................chicken Tandoori before. (never/ try)

5)................you.......................a job yet? (find)

6) Emily and Molly..............each other for more than 10 years now. (know)

7) First he................to the announcement, then he..................to a café for a drink. (listen - go)

8) She…………........late four times this week. (be)

9) What's that lovely smell in here? - Jasmin.....................a yummy cake. (bake)

10) The Titanic..............an iceberg in 1912 and……........within an hour. (hit/ sink)

Đáp án

1 - have learnt;

2 - visited;

3 - cycled;

4 - have never tried;

5 - Have you found; 

6 - have known;

7 - listened - went;

8 - has been;

9 - has baked;

10 - hit - sunk

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

Ex1:

1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you/ wash) the dishes yet?

2. Daughter: I (wash) the dishes yesterday, but I (have/ not) the time yet to do it today.

3. Mother: (you/ do/ already) your homework?

4. Daughter: No, I (come/ just) home from school.

5. Mother: You (come) home from school two hours ago!

6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) when I (arrive) and I (finish/ just) the phone call.

7. Mother: (you/ see/ not) Lucy at school in the morning?

8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have/ not) time to talk then.

Đáp án

1 - have ever washed; 

2 - washed - haven't had; 

3 - Have you already done; 

4 - have just come; 

5 - came; 

6 - has called - arrived - have just finished; 

7 - Have you not seen; 

8 - didn't have; 

EX2:

1. A: I (cycle/ just) 50 km.

2. B: I (cycle) 100 km last week.

3. A: I (write) an essay yesterday.

4. B: I (write/ already) two essays this term.

5. A: I (ring/ just) my friend.

6. B: I (ring) my friend 10 minutes ago.

7. A: Two days ago, I (watch) a Madonna concert on TV.

8. B: I (see/ already) Madonna live in concert.

9. A: I (spend) my summer holiday in Australia last year.

10. B: I (be/ not) to Australia yet.

Đáp án:

1 - have just cycled; 

2 - cycled; 

3 - wrote; 

4 - have already written; 

5 - have just rung; 

6 - rang; 

7 - watched; 

8 - have already seen; 

9 - spent; 

10 - havent been;

EX3:

1. A: (you/ be / ever) to London?

2. B: Yes, I (be) there three times.

3. A: When (be) the last time you (be) there?

4. B: Last summer. I (spend) two weeks in Brighton with my parents and we (go) to London one weekend.

5. (you/ like) it?

6. Oh yes. We really (have) a great time in London.

7. Lucky you! I (be/ never) to London.

Đáp án

1 - Have you ever been; 

2 - have been; 

3 - was - were;

4 - spent - went; 

5 - Did you like; 

6 - had; 

7 - have never been; 

EX4:

1. A: (you/ try/ ever) haggis?

2. B: Oh, yes!

3. A: How often (you/ eat) haggis yet?

4. B: Two times exactly.

5. A: When (you/ eat/ first) haggis?

6. B: That (be) in 2005. We (have) a Scottish festival in our town and they also (sell) traditional Scottish food. So I (buy) haggis.

7. A: (you/ like) it?

8. B: It (be/ not) too bad. And I (know/ not) anything about haggis then.

9. A: When (you/ find out)?

10. B: When I (be) in Scotland in 2007. I (go) to a restaurant and (order) haggis. Afterwards, the waiter (tell) me about haggis: it's the heart, liver and lungs of a sheep, boiled in the animal's stomach. Well, I (eat/ never) haggis again since then.

Đáp án:

1 - Have you ever tried; 

3 - have you eaten;

5 - did you first eat; 

6 - was - had - sold - bought; 

7 - Did you like; 

8 - wasn't - didn't know; 

9 - did you find out; 

10 - was - went - ordered - told - have never eaten; 

PHẦN 2

Bài 1: Are you underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.

1. I've lost my key. I can't find it anywhere. Ok

2. Have you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child? Did you eat

3. I've bought a new car. You must come and see it. ...........

4. I've bought a new car last week. ...........

5. When have you been yesterday evening? ...........

6. Lucky has left school in 1999. ...........

7. I'm looking for Mike. Have you seen him? ...........

8. Have you been to Paris? "Yes, many times" ...........

9. I'm very hungry. I haven't eaten much today. ...........

10. When has this book been published. ...........

Bài 2: Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple.

1. (it/ not/ rain/ this week) It hasn't rained this week.

2. (the weather/ be/ cold/ recently) The weather ..........

3. (it/ cold/ last week) It ..........

4. (I/ not/ read/ a newspaper yesterday) I ..........

5. (I/ not/ read/ a newspaper today) I ..........

6. (Emily/ earn/ a lot of money/ this year) .............

7. (she/ not/ earn/ so much/ last year) .............

8. (you/ have/ a holiday recently?) .............

Bài 3: Put the verb into the correct from present perfect or past simple.

1. I don't know where Lisa is. Have you seen (yoo/ see) her?

2. When I ... (get) home last night, I ... (be ) very tired and I ... (go) straight to bed.

3. A: ... (you/ finish) painting the bedroom?

B: Not yet. I'll finish it tomorrow.

4. George ... (not/be) very well last week.

5. Mr.Clark ... (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then he gave ip up.

6. Molly lives in Dublin. She ... (live) there all her life.

7. A: ... (you/ go) to the cinema last night?

B: Yes, but it ... (be) a mistake. The film ... (be) awful

8. My grandfather ... (die) before I was born. I ... (never/ meet) him.

9. I don't know Carol's husband. I ... (never/ meet) him.

10. A: Is Martin here?

B: No, he ... (go) out.

A: When exactly ... (he/ go) out?

B: About ten minutes ago.

11. A: Where do you live?

B: In Boston.

A: How long ... (you/ 've) there?

B: Five years

A: Where ... (you/ like) before that?

B : In Chicago.

A: And how long ... (you/ like) in Chicago?

B: Tow years.

Bài 4. Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.

1. (something you haven't done today) I haven't eaten any fruit today.

2. (something you haven't done today) ...............

3. (something you didn't do yesterday) ...............

4. (something you did yesterday evening) ...............

5. (something you haven't done recently) ...............

6. (something you've done a lot recently) ..............

Bài 5. Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect where possible. Otherwise use the past simple.

1. I can't get in. (my home) I've lost (lose) my key.

2. The office is empty now. Everybody ... (go ) home.

3. I meant to call you last night but I ... (forget).

4. Mary ... (go) to Egypt for a holiday, but she's back home in England now.

5. Are you OK? Yes I ... (have) a headache, but I feel fine now.

6. Can you help us? Our car ... (break) down.

Bài 6. Put the verb into correct form, present perfect or past simple.

1. It stopped raining for a while, but now it's raining again. (stop)

2. The town is very different now. It has changed a lot (change)

3. I did German at school but I ... most of it now (forget)

4. The police ... three people, but later they let them go (arrest).

5. What do you think of my English? Do you think it ... ? (improve)

6. A: Are you still reading the paper?

B: No, I ... with it.You can have it (finish)

7. I ... for a job as a tourist guide, but I wasn't successful. (apply)

8. Where's my bike? It ... outside the house, but it's not there now. (be)

9. Look! There's an ambulance over there. There ... an accident. (be)

10. A: Have you heard about Ben? He ... his arm. (break)

B: Really? How ... that ... ? (happen)

A: He ... off a ladder. (fall)

Bài 7: Hoàn thành các động từ trong ngoặc với thì hiện tại hoàn thành

1. I have not worked today.

2. We (buy)..............a new lamp.

3. We (not / plan)..............our holiday yet.

4. Where (be / you) ?

5. He (write)..............five letters.

6. She (not / see)..............him for a long time.

7. (be / you)..............at school?

8. School (not / start)..............yet.

9. (speak / he)..............to his boss?

10. No, he (have / not)..............the time yet.

Bài 8:

1) I.........my Maths homework yesterday. (to do)

2).........Susan.........to England by plane? (to go)

3) They.........a farm two weeks ago. (to visit)

4) Jenny and Peggy.........their brother. (not/to help)

5) The children.........at home last weekend. (not/to be)

6) When.........you.........this wonderful skirt? (to design)

7) My mother.........into the van. (not/to crash)

8) The boys.........the mudguards of their bicycles. (to take off)

9).........you.........your aunt last week? (to phone)

10) He.........milk at school. (not/to drink)

Exercise 9: Choose the correct answer

1. I _______ a new dress yesterday.

A. buy

B. bought

C. have bought

2. They _____ their homework yet

A. have finished

B. haven’t finished

C. finished

3. I ________ TV last night.

A. didn’t watch

B. haven’t watched

C. hasn’t watched

4. She ____ married in 2018

A. have got

B. has got

C. got

5. He ______ to school last week. He was ill

A. hasn’t gone

B. went

C. didn’t go

6. We ____ the children’s toys yesterday.

A. found

B. find

C. have found

7. Helen has already ____ lunch.

A. have

B. has

C. had

8. I didn’t ______ breakfast yesterday.

A. have

B. had

C. has

9. Ben has just _____ a vase

A. break

B. broke

C. broken

Exercise 10: Put the verbs in bracket into the past simple or the present perfect

1. I ______ (not/play) tennis since I was at school but I _____ (be) very good at it back then.

2. A: ______ you ________ (choose) a dress for the party yet?

B: Yes, I ______ (buy) one yesterday.

3. I think our teacher ______ (forget) about the test! He ___________ (not/ say) anything about it in the last season!

4. A: ____________ (you/ sell)  your house yet?

B: Yes, some people _______ (see) it last month and ________ (buy) it.

5. They __________ (lose) their cat. It ___________ (run) away last week.

Exercise 11: Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since”

1. My father went to Italy five days ______.

2. He has known her _______ 2001.

3. Have you _________ seen an elephant?

4. She hasn’t finished her work ________.

5. He has lived in Madrid _______ ten years.

6. We went to bed at 11 o’clock ________.

Exercise 12: Circle the correct item

1. Has Jack gone to school then/ yet?

2. Tonia has sent twenty invitations yesterday/ so far.

3. Tina took a test already/ three days ago.

4. I sent you an email two days already/ ago but you haven’t replied.

5. Helen has already/ yet had her breakfast.

Exercise 13: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect

I (1) _____________ (be) a ski instructor for many years now. I (2) _______ (take up) the sport when I (3) _________ (be) at school. I still remember the first time I (4) ______ (try) to ski. I (5) _________ (slip) on the ice and (6) ________ (break) my ankle. Thankfully, I (7) _______ (not/ have) a serious accident since then. Last year, I (8) ______ (try) ice-skating for the very first time. I (9) ________ (slip) on the ice rink a couple of times since then but I (10) ________ (not/ break) anything. Two years ago, I (11) _______ (take) snowboarding lessons. I (12) _______ (not/ like) it because I (13) ____ (find) it a little dangerous. I (14) ________ (not/ play) ice - hockey yet. There’s a game tomorrow. I can’t wait to go!

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1

3. OK

4. I bought

5. Where were you

6. Lucy left school

7. OK

8. OK

9. OK

10. When was this book published?

Bài 2

2. The weather has been cold recently.

3. It was cold last week.

4. I didn't read a newspaper yesterday.

5. I haven't read a nespaper today.

6. Emily has earned a lot of money this year.

7. She didn't earn so much last year.

8. Have you had a holiday recently?

Bài 3

2. got…was…went

3. have you finished

4. wasn't

5. worked

6. has lived

7. did you go…was.was

8. died…never met

9. have never met

10. has gone

11. have you lived…did you live…did you live

Bài 4

Example answers:

2. I haven't bought anything today

3. I dindn't watch TV yesterday

4. I want out with some friends yesterday evening

5. I haven't been to the cinema recently

6. I've read a lot of books recently

Bài 5

2. has gone

3. forgot

4. went

5. had

6. has broken

Bài 6

3. have forgotten

4. arrested

5. has improved

6. have finished

7. applied

8. was

9. has been

10. broke ... did happen ... fell

Bài 7:

1. I have not worked today.

2. We have bought a new lamp.

3. We have not planned our holiday yet.

4. Where have you been ?

5. He has written five letters.

6. She has not seen him for a long time.

7. Have you been at school?

8. School has not started yet.

9. Has he spoken to his boss?

10. No, he has not had the time yet.

Bài 8: 

1. I did my Maths homework yesterday.

2. Did Susan go to England by plane?

3. They visited a farm two weeks ago.

4. Jenny and Peggy did not help their brother.

5. The children were not at home last weekend.

6. When did you design this wonderful skirt?

7. My mother did not crash into the van.

8. The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles.

9. Did you phone your aunt last week?

10. He did not drink milk at school.

Exercise 9: Choose the correct answer

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. C

6. A

7. C

8. A

9. C

Exercise         10: Put the verbs in bracket into the past simple or the present perfect

1.I __haven’t played____ (not/play) tennis since I was at school but I _was____ (be) very good at it back then.

2.A: __Have__ you __chosen______ (choose) a dress for the party yet?

B: Yes, I __bought____ (buy) one yesterday.

3.I think our teacher __has forgotten____ (forget) about the test! He _____didn’t say____ (not/ say) anything about it in the last season!

4.A: __Have you sold_____ (you/ sell)  your house yet?

B: Yes, some people ___saw____ (see) it last month and ___bought_____ (buy) it.

5.They ____have lost______ (lose) their cat. It ____ran_____ (run) away last week.

Exercise 11: Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since”

1.My father went to Italy five days __ago____.

2.He has known her ___since____ 2001.

3.Have you ____ever_____ seen an elephant?

4.She hasn’t finished her work ___yet_____.

5.He has lived in Madrid ___for____ ten years.

6.We went to bed at 11 o’clock ___last night_____.

Exercise 12: Circle the correct item

1. Has Jack gone to school yet?

2. Tonia has sent twenty invitations so far.

3. Tina took a test three days ago.

4. I sent you an email two days ago but you haven’t replied.

5. Helen has already had her breakfast.

Exercise 13: Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect

1. have been

2. took up

3. was

4. tried

5. slipped

6. broke

7. haven’t had

8. tried

9. have slipped

10. haven’t broken

11. took

12. didn’t like

13. found

14. haven’t played

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