Liệt kê lại các công thức câu bị động, các ví dụ của câu bị động?
-VD về câu bị động đặc biệt
Trả lời (1)
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- Chủ động: She gave me an apple yesterday. (Cô ấy đưa cho tôi một quả táo ngày hôm qua.)
- Bị động: TH1: I was given an apple yesterday. (Tôi được cho một quả táo ngày hôm qua)
TH2: An apple was given to me yesterday. (Một quả táo được đưa cho tôi ngày hôm qua.)Ví dụ 2:
- Her mother bought her a book yesterday.
-> She was bought a book yesterday.
-> A book was bought for her yesterday.
II- Bị động với động từ khuyết thiếu
Các động từ khuyết thiếu (modal verb)O: Can, could, would, should, may, might, need, must, ought to
Chủ động : S + Modal V + V(nguyên thể) + O
Bị động: S + modal V + be + VpII + (+ by + O)
Ví dụ:
- Chủ động: She can speak English fluently.
- Bị động: English can be spoken fluently.
III- Bị động với “be going to”
Chủ động: S + be + going to + V + O
Bị động: S + be + going to + be + VpII + (by + O)
Ví dụ:
- My father is going to do the gardening.
-> The gardening is going to be done by my father.
IV- Bị động với câu mệnh lệnh thức
Ta thường gặp các câu mệnh lệnh thức như:
- Close the door! (Đóng cửa vào)
V O
- Open the book! (Mở sách ra)
V O
Ta thấy cấu trúc của của câu mệnh lệnh thức đó là:
Dạng chủ động: V + O
Bị động: S + should/must + be + V-pII
Ví dụ:
- Chủ động: Clean the floor! (Hãy lau sàn nhà đi!)
- Bị động: The floor should be cleaned! (Sàn nhà nên được lau đi)
V- Cấu trúc bị động với chủ ngữ giả “it”.
It + be + adj + (for sb) + to do st
-> It + be + adj + for st to be done
Ví dụ:
- It is easy to make this cake.
-> It is easy for this exercise to be made.
VI- Cấu trúc câu bị động với “make”, “let”, “have”, “get”
Ta có:
* Make sb do st -> Make st done (by sb): bắt ai đó làm gì
Ví dụ:
- I made my son clean the floor.
-> I made the floor cleaned by my son.
* Let sb do st -> let st done (by sb): cho phép, để cho ai đó làm gì
Ví dụ:
My father let me cook the dinner yesterday.
-> My father let the dinner cooked by me yesterday.
* Have to do st -> St have to be done: phải làm gì
Ví dụ:
- My mother has to wash the clothes every day.
-> The clothes have to be washed by my mother every day.
* Have sb do st -> have st done (by sb): Nhờ ai đó làm gì
- I have the hairdresser cut my hair every month.
-> I have my hair cut by the hairdresser every month.
* Get sb to do st -> get st done (by sb): Nhờ ai đó làm gì
- She got her father turn on the TV.
-> She got the TV turned on by her father.
VII- Bị động kép
1. Khi V1 chia ở các thì hiện tại như hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn, hiện tại hoàn thành.
S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V + …
* TH1: It is + V1-pII that + S2 + V + …
* TH2: Khi V2 chia ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc tương lai đơn
S2 + is/am/are + V1-pII + to + V2(nguyên thể) +….
* TH3: Khi V2 chia ở thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn hành
S2 + is/am/are + V1-pII + to have + V2-PII + …
Ví dụ:
They think that she works very hard.
-> It is thought that she works very hard.
-> She is thought to work very hard.
They think that she worked very hard last year.
-> It is thought that she worked very hard last year.
-> She is thought to have worked very hard last year.
2. Khi V1 chia ở các thì quá khứ (quá khứ đơn, quá khứ tiếp diễn, quá khứ hoàn thành).
S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V + ….
* TH1: It was + V1-pII + that + S2 + V + …
* TH2: Khi V2 chia ở thì quá khứ đơn:
S2 + was/were + V1-pII + to + V2 (nguyên thể) + …
* TH3: Khi V2 chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
S2 + was/ were + V1-pII + to + have + V2-pII + …
Ví dụ:
People said that she was very kind.
-> It was said that she was very kind.
-> She was said to be very kind.
People said that she had been very kind.
-> It was said that she had been very kind.
-> She was said to have been very kind.
bởi Hồng Thắm 23/12/2019Like (0) Báo cáo sai phạm
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