Chuyên đề Đảo ngữ Câu điều kiện

CHUYÊN ĐỀ ĐẢO NGỮ CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện là gì?

Cấu trúc câu điều kiện thông thường có “if” ở đầu đều ở mức cơ bản trong tiếng anh. Vì thế để nâng cao ngữ pháp mà đảo ngữ xuất hiện như một cách thức trao đổi vị trí giữa chủ ngữ và động từ trong câu nhằm khẳng định, nhấn mạnh ý nghĩa diễn đạt.

Hình thức nhận biết các câu điều kiện đảo ngữ là “if” không xuất hiện thay vào đó là các từ ngữ như “should”, “were” hay “had”. Vì thế để tránh hiểu sai nghĩa của hình thức đảo ngữ này dưới đây sẽ là các cấu trúc câu điều kiện từ loại 1,2 và 3.

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1

Mệnh đề đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn tả trạng thái trang trọng, lịch sự, nhã nhặn hơn nhằm đưa ra những lời khuyên, yêu cầu, tư vấn hoặc thậm chí là nhờ vả.

Cấu trúc: Should + S + (not) Vinf, S + will + Vinf

E.g. If I have a lot of money, I will buy lots of nice clothes.

→ Should I have a lot of money, I will buy lots of nice clothes.

E.g. If you try to work, you will soon be employed as a full-time employee of the company.

→ Should you try to work, you will soon be employed as a full-time employee of the company.

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2

Câu điều kiện loại 2 thường mang nghĩa về sự áp đặt đưa ra lời khuyên cứng rắn cho người khác. Khi ở hình thức đảo ngữ thì ý nghĩa được giảm nhẹ, thể hiện sự tôn trọng, tế nhị trong lời nói, hạn chế sự áp đặt.

Cấu trúc if ở câu điều kiện loại 2 luôn dùng động từ tobe là “were” không có trường hợp nào xài “was”, vì thế ở thể đảo ngữ cấu trúc cũng tương tự chỉ đảo động từ “were” lên đầu câu thay cho “if”.

Cấu trúc: Were + S + Object/ sth hoặc (not) to Verb, S + would/could + Vinf.

E.g. If I were you, I would not behave in such a polite manner in front of my boss.

→ Were I you, I would not behave in such a polite manner in front of my boss.

E.g. If I studied at a prestigious university, I would have the opportunity to work abroad.

→ Were I to study a prestigious university, I would have the opportunity to work abroad.

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3

Cấu trúc: Had + S + (not) V3/ed, S + would have + V3/ed

E.g. If she had tried more practice, she would have won that competition.

→ Had she tried more practice, she would have won that competition.

E.g. If he hadn’t given up early, he would have been successful in the business.

→ Had he not given up early, he would have been successful in the business.

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp

(Mixed Conditional Sentence)

Cấu trúc: Had + S + (not) V3/ed, S + would/could + V

E.g. If I hadn’t lost her car, she wouldn’t be sad right now.

→ Had I not lost her car, she wouldn’t be sad right now.

Dạng 1: Viết lại các câu sử dụng đảo ngữ

1. If you plant seeds on the ground, you will have a beautiful garden of flowers

→

2. If it snows, we will have to reschedule tomorrow.

→

3. If you treat people around you well, you will feel happy in your heart.

→

4. If you try to nurture your dream, you will accomplish it in the future.

→

5. If it rains, we will have to cancel the concert today.

→

6. If you love someone sincerely, you will receive that love again.

→

7. If she has a headache, she will see a doctor for treatment.

→

8. If you agree to join my birthday party, I will feel very happy.

→

9. If he refused the confession, she would feel very sad.

→

10. If I successfully complete the project, I will receive a great bonus from the company.

→

11. If she tries to cross this mountain, she will win the competition.

→

12. If I didn’t skip meals, I wouldn’t feel hungry like this.

→

13. If Jack had invested his business, he would have made a big profit from it.

→

14. If Irene didn’t ruin the script yesterday, she would have had a chance to memorize it all

→

15. If Kate is a rich child, she will travel all over the world.

→

16. If she left the current company, it would be difficult for her to find such a good company.

→

17. If he had listened to me explain, he wouldn’t have ruined this new computer software.

→

18. If I have a chance to go back to the past, I will do the right and meaningful things.

→

19. If Mary gave in to the argument, she would have left a good impression on her boss’ heart.

→

20. If you believe in success, then you will have a chance to achieve it in the future.

-→

21. If he loved me, he wouldn’t leave me to live in New York.

→

22. If she hates me, she won’t help me complete this project.

→

23. If Lisa studied hard for the exam, she would not fail.

→

24. If I were a bird, I would have flown to the lands I like.

→

25. If you were me, you wouldn’t be able to stand this pain.

→

26. If your boyfriend is a good person, he will not hit you in arguments.

→

27. If you didn’t just teach me the secret to the competition, I wouldn’t be the champion.

→

28. If Jane is passionate about the job, she will not find it difficult to do it.

→

29. If he is healthy, he can carry this table out.

→

30. If you hadn’t been my motivation, I wouldn’t have been able to overcome this terrible disease.

→

ĐÁP ÁN

1. Should you plant seeds on the ground, you will have a beautiful garden of flowers.

2.  Should it snow, we will have to reschedule tomorrow.

3. Should you treat people around you well, you will feel happy in your heart.

4. Should you try to nurture your dream, you will accomplish it in the future.

5. Should it rain, we will have to cancel the concert today.

6. Should you love someone sincerely, you will receive that love again.

7. Should she have a headache, she will see a doctor for treatment.

8. Should you agree to join my birthday party, I will feel very happy.

9. Were he to refuse the confession, she would feel very sad.

10. Should I successfully complete the project, I will receive a great bonus from the company.

11. Should she try to cross this mountain, she will win the competition.

12. Were I not to skip meals, I wouldn’t feel hangry like this.

13. Had Jack invested his business, he would have made a big profit from it.

14. Were Irene not to ruin the script yesterday, she would have had a chance to memorize it all.

15. Should Kate be a rich child, she will travel all over the world.

16. Were she to leave the current company, it would be difficult for her to find such a good company.

17. Had he listened to me explain, he wouldn’t have runied the new computer software.

18. Should I have a chance to go back to the past, I will do the right and meaningful things.

19. Were Mary to give in to the argument, she would have left a good impression on her boss’ heart.

20. Should you believe in success, then you will have a chance to achieve it in the future.

21. Were he to love me, he wouldn’t leave me to live in Nwe York.

22. Should she to hate me, she won’t help me complete this project.

23. Were Lisa to study hard for the exam, she would not fail.

24. Were I a bird, I would have flown to the lands I like.

25. Were you me, you wouldn;t be able to stand this pain,

26. Should your boyfriend be a good person, he will not hit you in arguments.

27. Were you not just to teach me the secret to the competition, I wouldn’t be the champion.

28. Should Jane be passionate about the job, she will not find it difficult to do it.

29. Should he be healthy, he can carry this table out.

30. Had you not been my motivation, I wouldn’t have been able to overcome this terrible disease.

Bài tập 2: Chọn đáp án trắc nghiệm đúng nhất

1. ______ Jackson successfully completes the company’s project, he will have a chance to be promoted.

A. Should B. Were C. Had D. Unless

2. ______ she not lied about the accident, she would not have been suspected of the culprit in the case.

A. Should B. Were C. Had D. if

3. ______ I a naughty student, I would not propose strengthening school discipline.

A. Should B. Were C. Had D. if

4. ______ he truly to desire this position, he would never give up on any chance.

A. Had B. Should C. if D. Were

5. ______ I have an idea for a topic this time, I won’t ask you to.

A. Should B. Had C. if D. If not

6. ______ she to handle everything well, then she wouldn’t come to us for help.

A. Were B. Had C. Were not D. if

7. ______ he listened to his instructor, he wouldn’t have lost his way in the forest.

A. Were B. should C. Unless D. Had

8. ______ Jenny accept the challenge this time, then she will have a chance to become a full-time Google employee.

A. Were B. Had C. Should D. if

9. ______ my friend not been able to speak in public, I wouldn’t have been a teacher for 10 years.

A. Should B. Had C. Should D. Unless

10. ______ you be truly competent, then you don’t need to worry about your future work.

A. Had B. Were C. Should D. if

Task 1. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _________________plenty of time.

2. If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.

3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) ________ the animals..

4. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.

5. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.

6. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?

7. The door will be unlocked if you (press)_________________ the green button.

8. I should have voted for her if I (have) _________________ a vote then.

9. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?

10. If you (swim) _________________ in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. will have	2. find	3. had fed
4. will	5. looked	6. will happen
7. press	8. had had	9. will you stay
10. swim

Task 2. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. ............. anyone wish to access the information on the status of his or her order, the password should be entered.

     A. If

     B. Should

     C. Whether

     D. As though

2...............it be necessary, you can print out your form and then send it to us by fax or postal service.

     A. Since

     B. Should

     C. Unless

     D. When

3.............Jonh worked hard, he would have been promoted last year.

     A. if

     B. were

     C. should

     D. had

4.............. the patient's condition get worse, the nurse will call in an internist.

A Might

     B. Unless

     C. Should

     D. If

5.............she wish to have more detailed information, please consult your employee handbook.

     A. would

     B. could

     C. might

     D. should

ĐÁP ÁN

1B 2B 3D 4C 5D

Task 3. Choose the best answer

1. If she …………………….. the lottery last year, She……………………..rich now.

     A. Have won/would be

     B. had won/would be

     C.won/would be

     D. wins/will be

2. If I ……………..the homework last night, I……………..bonus today.

     A. Had done/would get

     B. had done/would have got

     C. done/would get

     D. does/will get

3. If we had played this game yesterday, we……………….a lot of money now.

     A. Will have

     B. may have

     C. would have had

     D. would have

4. If it ……………………………last night, it would be cold today.

     A. Had rained

     B. rained

     C. have rained

     D. was raining

5. If she……………….to me, she……………………..in trouble right now.

     A. Had listened/would be

     B. had listened/would have be

     C. had listened/would not be

     D. A & B

ĐÁP ÁN

1. B. had won/would be

2. A. Had done/would get

3. D. would have

4. A. Had rained

5. C. had listened/would not be

Task 4. Điền vào chỗ trống

1. ............ we ............ (have) enough time if we wanted to see the castle?

2. In case you ............ (buy) a car, will you teach me to drive?

3. If I............ (not be) in a hurry, I wouldn't have made so many mistakes.

4. She won't finish it on time if she ............ (not start) right now.

5. She ............ (get angry) if you had told her.

ĐÁP ÁN

1. Would; have

2. buy

3. had not been

4. does not start

5. would have got

Task 5: Chuyển thành dạng câu đảo ngữ

1) If I were your mother, I would insist you learn harder.

……………………………………………………………

2) If our leader calls, let me know immediately.

……………………………………………………………

3) If I were a millionare, I would buy that modern villa.

……………………………………………………………

4) If you had known my boss, you would have thought he was talented.

…………………………………………………………….

5) If it hadn’t been for the thief, I wouldn’t have bought new mobile phone.

…………………………………………………………….

ĐÁP ÁN

1) Were I your mother, I would insist you learn harder.

2) Should our leader call, let me know immediately.

3) Were I a millionare, I would buy that modern villa.

4) Had you known my boss, you would have thought he was talented.

5) Had it not been for the thief, I wouldn’t have bought new mobile phone.

Task 6: Chọn đáp án đúng

1) ………Susan isn’t too lazy, she will get high scores.

A. If                  B. Should                    C. Were                   D. Had

2) ………he stronger, he could lift the shelves.

A. Should                  B. If                 C. Were                D. Had

3) Were I………Russian, I could read a Russian poem.

A. learning                    B. to learn                     C. learned                       D. am learning

4) ………..Mike, I might not have known you.

A. Had it not for           B. Had it no been for           C. Had not it been for            D. Had it not been for

5) ………………….., you would have achieved your target.

A. Had you listened to my advice

B. Were you listen to my advice

C. If you listen to my advice

D. If you listened to my advice

ĐÁP ÁN

1) A            2) C              3) B                4) D               5) A

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