Ôn tập kiến thức câu điều kiện Tiếng Anh 8

ÔN TẬP KIẾN THỨC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TIẾNG ANH 8

1. Các cách dùng cơ bản.

a, Loại 1:Diễn tả điều có thật ở hiện tại:

- Câu điều kiện có thực là câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt một hành động hoặc một tình huống thường xảy ra (thói quen) hoặc sẽ xảy ra (trong tương lai) nếu điều kiện ở mệnh đề chính được thoả mãn. Nếu nói về tương lai, dạng câu này được sử dụng khi nói đến một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được hoặc có thể xảy ra.

Mệnh đề If                                         Mệnh đề chính

1. S + V[-e/es]                                     1. S + will + V(inf)

2. S + don’t / doesn’t + V(inf)            2. S + will not + V(inf)

Note: V +…….+ or + S + will/won’t + V +……..

= Unless S + V +…. , S + will/won’t + V +……

= If S don’t/doesn’t + V, S + will/won’t + V +……

Eg: -Study hard or you will fail the exam.

= Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam.

= If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam.

-Cut your hair or they won’t let you in.

= Unless you cut your hair, they won’t let you in.

= If you don’t cut your hair, they won’t let you in.

* Diễn tả 1 sự thật luôn luôn đúng ở quá khứ. Ta có cấu trúc:

If + S + Simple Past, S+ Simple Past.

Eg: We went home early if it was foggy.

Ghi chú:

- Sau mệnh đề If hoặc mệnh đề Unless phải có dấu phẩy (,)

- Sau Unless không được dùng dạng phủ định (Ví dụ: không được viết Unless you don’t write)

* Command (Thức mệnh lệnh)

Form: If + S + V (s-es), V (mệnh lệnh) + ......

Eg: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.

- Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.

b, Loại 2: Điều kiện ko có thật ở hiện tại:

- Câu điều kiện không có thực ở hiện tại dùng để đề cập đến những tình huống tưởng tượng hoặc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.

Form: If S + were/V-ed + sb/Noun/adj , S + would/wouldn’t/could/couldn’t + V +…..

Note: Động từ tobe phải chia là were ở tất cả các ngôi.

Eg:-If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

- If I had money, I would buy the car.

- If I were you, I wouldn't see that movie.

c, Loại 3: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ:

- Câu điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ dùng để đề cập những tình huống không có thật trong quá khứ.

Form: If S + had/hadn’t + V-ed/pII, S + would/wouldn’t/could/couldn’t + have + V-ed/pII……

Eg:-If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I wouldn’t have had an accident.

- If I had had money, I would have bought the car.

* Chú ý: Cũng có thể thể hiện một điều kiện không có thực mà không dùng if. Trong trường hợp đó, trợ động từ had được đưa lên đầu câu, đứng trước chủ ngữ. Mệnh đề điều kiện sẽ đứng trước mệnh đề chính.

Eg: - Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.

- Had he studied harder for the test, he would have passed it.

Lưu ý: Câu điều kiện không phải lúc nào cũng tuân theo qui luật trên. Trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt, một vế của điều kiện là quá khứ nhưng vế còn lại có thể ở hiện tại (do thời gian qui định).

Eg: - If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.

2. Cấu trúc đặc biệt:

Cấu trúc BUT FOR

Thay thế cho cấu trúc " IF .......NOT". Dạng này thường sử dụng trong văn phong lịch sự.

Form: But for + Noun, S +……….

Eg: If you hadn't helped us, we would have been in trouble.

=> But for your help, we would have been in trouble.

Bài 1: chia dạng đúng của động từ

1/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.

2/ If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) ________ you.

3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) ________ class regularly.

4/ If I (know) ________ his telephone number, I would give it to you.

5/ If you (arrive) ________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.

6/ If he (study) ________ harder, he can pass an exam.

7/ She may be late if she (not hurry) ________.

8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) ________ him.

9/ If you (speak) ________ more slowly, he might have understood you.

10/ What (you do) ________ if you got fat?

Đáp án:

1 - had; 2 - would have visited; 3 - attended; 4 - knew; 5 - arrived;

6 - studies; 7 - doesn't hurry; 8 - see; 9 - have spoken; 10 - would you do;

Bài 2: Cho dạng đúng của động từ

1/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _______ good to you.

2/ He (come) _______ if you waited.

3/ If you (ring) _______ the bell, the servant would come.

4/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _______ him.

5/ If it (not, rain) _______ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow.

6/ If today (be) _______ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work.

7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _______ to you.

8/ We lost the match. If you (play) _______ for us, we (win) _______.

9/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _______ their work well.

10/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _______ a hospital for the poor.

11/ If he (give) _______ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again.

12/ He (not, have) _______ an accident if he had not been driving so fast.

13/ If she (write) _______ more carefully, she might not have made too many mistakes.

14/ You would have to stay in bed unless your health (improve) _______.

15/ If I (have) ________ a typewriter, I could type it myself.

Đáp án

1 - will be; 2 - would come; 3 - rang; 4 - would have fed; 5 - didn't rain;

6 - were; 7 - would have written; 8 - had played - would have won; 9 - did; 10 - would build;

11 - gives; 12 - would not have had; 13 - had written; 14 - improved; 15 - had

Bài 3: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.

1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _________________plenty of time.

2. If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don't mention it to anyone.

3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed) _________________ the animals..

4. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.

5. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.

6. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?

7. The door will be unlocked if you (press)_________________ the green button.

8. I should have voted for her if I (have) _________________ a vote then.

9. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?

10. If you (swim) _________________ in this lake, you'll shiver from cold.

11. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) _________________?

12. The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _________________thick.

13. If the milkman (come) _________________, tell him to leave two pints.

14. I (call) _________________ the office if I were you.

15. Someone (sit) _________________on your glasses if you leave them there.

16. You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _________________so much.

17. What I (do) _________________if I hear the burglar alarm?

18. If you (read) _________________the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question.

19. If Mel (ask) _________________ her teacher, he'd have answered her questions.

20. I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _________________a long ladder.

21. Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _________________mad.

22. If you were made redundant, what you (do) _________________?

23. We'll have a long way to walk if we (run) _________________out of petrol here.

24. If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _________________ fit to drink.

25. If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _________________ you.

26. I'll probably get lost unless he (come) _________________with me.

27. You (not have) _________________ so many accidents if you drove more slowly.

28. If you (wear) _________________ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.

29. If she (leave) _________________ the fish here, the cat will eat it.

30. You (have) _________________ no trouble at school if you had done your homework.

31. Unless you (tell) __________________ the truth, I won't help you.

32. You'll get pneumonia if you (not change) _________________ your wet clothes.

33. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus, I (not buy) _________________ it.

34. If they (hang) _________________ that picture lower, people would be able to see it.

35. She (be) _________________able to walk faster if she didn't have such high-heel shoes.

36. I (bring) _________________ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.

37. If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _________________ electrocuted.

38. If the story hadn't been true, the newspaper (not print) _________________ it.

39. I (not buy) _________________ things on the installment system if I were you.

40. Dan (arrive) _________________ safe if he drove slowly.

Đáp án

1. will have; 2. find; 3. had fed; 4. will;

5. looked; 6. will happen; 7. press; 8. had had;

9. will you stay; 10. swim; 11. would you choose; 12. gets;

13. comes; 14. would call; 15. will sit; 16. don’t talk;

17. will you do; 18. had read; 19. had asked; 20. had;

21. will go; 22. would you do; 23. run; 24. won’t be;

25. would have understood; 26. comes; 27. wouldn’t have;

28. had worn; 29. leaves; 30. would have had; 31. tell;

32. don’t change; 33. wouldn’t have bought; 34. hung;

35. would be; 36. would have brought; 37. would have been;

38. wouldn’t have printed; 39. wouldn’t buy; 40. would drive;

Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng để điền vào chỗ trống

1. If I __________the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have.

A. have

B. would have

C. had had

D. should have

2. I __________you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.

A. would have visited

B. visited

C. had visited

D. visit

3. __________more help, I would call my neighbor.

A. needed

B. should I need

C. I have needed

D. I should need

4. __________then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.

A. had I known

B. did I know

C. If I know

D. If I would know

5. Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people __________the same language?

A. spoke

B. speak

C. had spoken

D. will speak

6. If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, __________this incident again.

A. I will never mention

B. I never mention

C. will I never mention

D. I don't mention

7. If I had known you were asleep, I __________so much noise when I came in.

A. didn't make

B. wouldn't have made

C. won't make

D. don't make

8. Unless you __________all of my questions, I can't do anything to help you.

A. answered

B. answer

C. would answer

D. are answering

9. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I __________it.

A. would have never believed

B. don't believe

C. hadn't believed

D. can't believe

10. If Jake __________to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A. doesn't agree

B. didn't agree

C. hadn't agreed

D. wouldn't agree

11. J: "John went to the hospital alone"

K: "If __________, I would have gone with him".

A. had he told me

B. he had told me

C. he has told me

D. he would tell me

12. If you __________, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I didn't want to bother you.

A. had studied

B. studied

C. hadn't studied

D. didn't study

13. Peter: "Did you need help with your Math last night?".

Mary: "If I had needed, I __________you".

A. would call

B. called

C. would have called

D. will call

14. If someone __________ in to the store, smile and say, "May I help you?"

A. comes

B. came

C. come

D. should come

15. "Here's my phone number".

"Thanks. I'll give you a call if I __________some help tomorrow"

A. will need

B. need

C. would need

D. needed

16. If I didn't work for an accounting firm, I __________in a bank now.

A. work

B. will work

C. have worked

D. would work

17. The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions __________improved.

A. was

B. is

C. were

D. had been

18. The education in Japan __________if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration.

A. would go down

B. would have gone down

C. went down

D. had gone down

19. If there __________, the rice fields could have been more productive.

A. had been enough water

B. were enough water

C. would be enough water

D. are enough water

20. The patient will not recover unless he __________ an operation.

A. had undergone

B. would undergo

C. undergoes

D. was undergoing

21. If she __________ him, she would be very happy.

A. would meet

B. will meet

C. met

D. should meet

22. If he __________ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.

A. had had

B. had

C. has

D. has had

23. If I had enough money, I__________ abroad to improve my English.

A. will go

B. would go

C. went

D. should have go to

24. The bench would collapse if they __________on it.

A. stood

B. stand

C. standing

D. Stands

25. If it __________convenient, let's go out for a drink tonight,

A. be

B. is

C. was

D. were

Đáp án

1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A

6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C

11. B 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B

16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. C

21. C 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. B

........

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