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Câu hỏi:
The boy is standing in the yard. He was punished by his teacher.
- A. The teacher who was punished the boy is standing in the yard.
- B. Standing in the yard, the teacher punished the boy.
- C. The boy punished by his teacher is standing in the yard.
- D. The boy was standing in the yard was punished by his teacher.
Lời giải tham khảo:
Đáp án đúng: C
Kiến thức: Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn.
Giải thích:
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ mang nghĩa bị động: dùng quá khứ phân từ (bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ tobe).
Câu đầy đủ: The boy who was punished by his teacher is standing in the yard.
Câu rút gọn: The boy punished by his teacher is standing in the yard.
Tạm dịch: Cậu bé đang đứng dưới sân. Cậu ta đã bị phạt bởi giáo viên của mình.
= C. Cậu bé mà bị cô giáo phạt thì đang đứng dưới sân.
Các phương án khác:
A. Cô giáo bị phạt cậu bé đang đứng dưới sân. ⇒ sai nghĩa
B. Đứng dưới sân, cô giáo phạt cậu bé. (rút gọn mệnh đề đồng chủ ngữ ⇒ chủ ngữ vế đầu cũng là “cô giáo”: Cô giáo đứng dưới sân, cô giáo phạt cậu bé ⇒ sai nghĩa so với câu gốc)
D. Sai ngữ pháp (có 2 động từ trong câu mà không có từ liên kết chúng)
Chọn C
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