Tài liệu Đề cương ôn tập HK2 môn Tiếng Anh 11 năm 2021-2022 được HOC247 biên soạn và tổng hợp giúp các em học sinh lớp 11 hệ thống kiến thức và rèn luyện kỹ năng thực hành một số dạng bài tập nhằm đánh giá năng lực và khả năng ghi nhớ kiến thức cơ bản của mình. Hi vọng tài liệu này sẽ có ích cho các em học sinh.
Mời các em học sinh và quý thầy cô cùng tham khảo.
1. Hệ thống kiến thức
1.1. Relative Clauses
Các đại từ quan hệ
|
Đại từ quan hệ |
Chức năng và cấu trúc trong câu |
|
WHO |
- làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ - thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người ….. N (person) + WHO + V + O |
|
WHOM |
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ - thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người …..N (person) + WHOM + S + V |
|
WHICH |
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ - thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật ….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O ….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V |
|
THAT |
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định * Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”: - khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất - khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last - khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm cả người và vật - khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none. Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met. It was the first time that I heard of it. These books are all that my sister left me. She talked about the people and places that she had visited. Các trường hợp không dùng that: - trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định - sau giới từ |
|
WHOSE |
Dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc hình thức ‘s …..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V …. |
- Defining relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định)
Đây là loại mệnh đề cần thiết vì từ hoặc ngữ đứng trước nó chưa xác định, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa.
Ex: The man who keeps the school library is Mr Green.
That is the book that I like best.
- Non – defining relative clauses (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
Đây là loại mệnh đề không cần thiết vì từ hoặc ngữ đứng trước đã được xác định, không có nó câu vẫn đủ nghĩa.
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bằng các dấu phẩy. Trước danh từ thường có: this, that, these those, my, his,… hoặc tên riêng.
Ex: That man, whom you saw yesterday, is Mr Pike.
This is Mrs Jones, who helped me last week.
Mary, whose sister I know, has won an Oscar.
Harry told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much.
Lưu ý: Không được dùng THAT trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non – defining relative clause)
– Trong trường hợp động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ, ta đem giới từ đặt ra trước mệnh đề quan hệ (trước whom, which)
Ex: The man to whom Mary is talking is Mr Pike.
The shop from which I got my stereo has lots of bargains.
– Ta cũng có thể bỏ whom, which và đặt giới từ ra sau động từ của mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (defining relative clause).
Ex: The man Mary is talking to is Mr Pike.
The shop I got my stereo from has lots of bargains.
– Khi dùng that hoặc who, ta không đưa giới từ ra trước.
Ex: The man that/ who Mary is talking to is Mr Pike. (NOT The man to that/ who Mary is talking is Mr Pike.)
– Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ là thành phần của cụm động từ (phrasal verbs) thì ta không đem giới từ ra trước whom, which.
Ex: This is the book which I’m looking for.
That is the child whom you have to look after.
– Khi dùng whom, which các giới từ cũng có thể đứng sau động từ (ngoại trừ without):
Ex: The man whom Mary is talking to is Mr Pike.
That is the man without whom we’ll get lost. (NOT … the man whom we’ll get lost without.)
- Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ
Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm phân từ (participle phrases).
Có 2 loại cụm phân từ:
- Cụm phân từ hiện tại (present participle phrase) là cụm từ bắt đầu bằng hiện tại phân từ (present participle: V – ing).
- Cụm phân từ quá khứ (past participle phrase) là cụm từ bắt đầu bằng quá khứ phân từ (past participle: V3 )
- Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cụm phân từ (participle phrases):
– Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm phân từ hiện tại (present participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm – ing)
Ex: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
=> The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
Do you know the boy who broke the window last night ?
=> Do you know the boy breaking the window last night ?
– Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng cụm phân từ quá khứ (past participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ bằng V3 )
Ex: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
=>The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
A bridge which was built only two years ago has been declared unsafe.
=> A bridge built only two years ago has been declared unsafe.
Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to – infinitive) hoặc cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (infinitive phrase: for + O + to – inf)
Ex: English is an important language which we have to master.
=> English is an important language to master.
There is a good restaurant where we can eat seafood.
=> There is a good restaurant to eat seafood.
That is the hotel where we can stay.
=> That is the hotel to stay.
There’s a lot of work which has to be done.
=>There’s a lot of work to be done.
Here is a form that you must fill in.
=>Here is a form for you to fill in.
I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
=>I don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in.
1.2. Question tags (Câu hỏi đuôi)
S + V + … , trợ động từ + S (đại từ nhân xưng)?
1. Câu hỏi đuôi gồm2 thành phần: chủ ngữ (phải là đại từ nhân xưng, không dùng danh từ riêng) và trợ động từ/ động từ đặc biệt.
2. Nếu câu phát biểu ởdạng khẳng định thì câu hỏi đuôi ở dạng phủ định và ngược lại.
3. Nếu câu hỏi đuôi ở dạng phủ định thì phải dùng hình thức rút gọn (contractive form).
Eg:
|
STATEMENTS |
QUESTION-TAGS |
|
He is a good boy, |
isn’t he? |
|
The girl didn’t come here yesterday, |
did she? |
|
They will go away, |
won’t they? |
|
She hasn’t left, |
has she? |
Một số dạng đặc biệt
- Câu có “there”:
- Chỉ sự có mặt à láy lại “there”
- Trong các cấu trúc đặc biệt mang tính thành ngữ à “it”
Eg: There is no point in Ving, is it? (không cần)
There is no use Ving, is it? (không còn cách nào khác)
- This/ That/ These/ Those
- Chủ từ là “this, that”à it/ he/ she.
Eg:
- That is a very interesting film, isn’t it?
- That is your new boy friend, isn’t he?
- This is a very beautiful girl, isn’t she?
- Chủ từ là “these, those” “they”
Eg: These books are new, aren’t they?
- Chủ từ là “anyone, anybody, no one, no body, someone, somebody, none, neither” “they”
Eg:
- No one knows, do they?
- Neither of them complaint, did they?
- Chủ từ là “nothing, something, anything” “it”
Eg: Everything is all right, isn't it?
- Câu mệnh lệnh “will you” (dùng với cả mệnh lệnh khẳng định hay phủ định)
Note:
+ Có phần đuôi là “won’t you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời.
Eg: Take your seat, won’t you? (Mời ông ngồi)
+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi câu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định.
Eg: Open the door, will you? (Xin vui lòng mở cửa)
Eg:
Be quiet, will you?
Don't go out so often, will you?
- Let
- Câu rủ rê: Let's + Vinf, Shall we
Eg: Let's go out tonight, shall we?
- Câu xin phép: Let us/ me + Vinf, Will you
Eg: Mummy, let me go out tonight, will you?
- Đề nghị giúp người khác (let me), may I?
Eg: Let me help you do it, may I?
- I am, aren't I ?
Eg: I am hungry, aren't I?
- Câu kể chứa trạng từ “hardly, never, seldom, scarely, rarely, no, without, … ”, trợ từ khẳng định.
Eg: John hardly goes to school on time, does he?
- Would rather + Vinf, wouldn't + S
Would prefer + Vinf, wouldn't + S
- Wish, may
Eg: I wish to study English, may I?
- Must
- Must chỉ sự cần thiết needn’t
Eg: They must study hard, needn’t they?
-Must chỉ sự cấm đoán must
Eg: You mustn’t come late, must you?
- Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại à dựa vào động từ theo sau must
Eg: He must be a very intelligent student, isn’t he? (Anh ta ắt hẳn là một học sinh rất thông minh, phải không?)
- Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở quá khứ (trong công thức must+have+PII) have/ has
Eg: You must have stolen my bike, haven’t you? (Bạn chắc hẵn là đã lấy cắp xe của tôi, phải không?)
- Câu cảm thán: Lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, dùng is/ am/ are
Eg:
- What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
- What a stupid boy, isn’t he?
- How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
- Câu có 2 mệnh đề
- Câu đầu có I think/ believe/ suppose/ figure/ assume/ fancy/ imagine/ reckon/ expect/ seem/ feel + mệnh đề phụ. Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi
Eg:
I think he will come here, won’t he?
I don’t believe Marycan do it, can she?
-Chủ từ không phải là dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi
Eg: She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
- Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề: Lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg: It seems that you are right, aren’t you?
- Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ là “it”
Eg:
What you have said is wrong, isn’t it?
Why he killed himself seems a secret,doesn’t it?
- Little, a little, few, a few
Eg:
Very little progress has been made, has it?
A little progress has been made, hasn’t it?
Few people knew the answer, did they?
A few people knew the answer, didn’t they?
1.3. Cấu trúc It is said that ... trong câu bị động
Cấu trúc It is said that trong câu bị động hay còn được gọi là cấu trúc câu bị động không ngôi.
Công thức Câu bị động It is said that
Trong câu chủ động: S1 + say + that + S2 + V2 + …
Trong câu bị động: It is said that + S2 + V2 + …
Ex: People say that John is the most intelligent student in his class.
(Mọi người nói rằng John là học sinh thông minh nhất trong lớp của anh ấy).
➔ It is said that John is the most intelligent student in his class.
(Nó được nói rằng John là học sinh thông minh nhất trong lớp của anh ấy).
*Notes:
– Khi chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động cần chú ý động từ Say chia ở thì nào thì chia động từ Tobe của cấu trúc It is said that ở thì động từ đó.
– Từ said trong cấu trúc It is said that có thể thay thế bằng các từ thought (nghĩ), believed (tin tưởng), supposed (cho là), reported (báo cáo, tường thuật), expected (mong đợi), known (biết), considered (xem xét).
Cách biến đổi khác của cấu trúc It is said that
It is said that + S1 + V1 + …
➔ S1 + (tobe) + said + to Vinf… (Khi V1 cùng thì với tobe)
➔ S1 + (tobe) + said + to have Ved/PII +… (Khi V1 khác thì với tobe)
1.4. Conditional type 0 (Câu điều kiện loại 0)
- Công thức:
If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
- Cách dùng:
Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra.
2. Bài tập
2.1. VOCABULARY
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. I'd like to book a room with a/an ____ of the sea.
A. outlook B. sight C. view D. scenery
2. When I'm on holiday, I enjoy ____.
A. getting sunburnt B. getting sunstroke C. having a sunbath D. sunbathing
3. It can be quite busy here during the tourist ____.
A. period B. phase C. stage D. season
4. I always enjoy our school ____ to France.
A. excursion B. journey C. trip D. travel
5. The waste ___ system here is also innovative. There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in the street
A. dump B. disposal C. landfill D. throwaway
6. The ____ of living in some places can be very high. Prices in London are particularly exorbitant.
A. value B. price C. worth D . cost
7. The roads are terrible. I'm always getting ____ in traffic.
A. stuck B. lost C. exhausted D. late
8. The ____ is where you'll find all the large department stores and banks.
A. city heart B. town hall C . city centre D. business district
9. Exhaust ____ from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities.
A. fumes B. smokes C. gases D . smog
10. Many factories still allow ____, such as toxic waste, to flow into our rivers
A. pollution B. litters C. garbage D. pollutants
11. The greenhouse ____ takes place when certain gases in the atmosphere trap sun's heat.
A emission B. gas C. effect D. affect
12. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in ____ cities.
A cosmopolitan B. modern C. metropolitan D. overcrowded
13. You have to be highly ____ to do well in these subjects.
A. competitive B. competitor C. competition D. competed
14. I can't cope well ____ all the homework I've got to do!
A. on B. of C. about D. with
15. This kind of fruit helps to ____ the immune system.
A. decrease B. reduce C. boost D. maintain
16. If you take this medicine, you will ____ quickly.
A. recover B. get on C. get up D. get in
17. We should ____ healthy food and exercise regularly.
A. store B. purchase C. buy D. consume
18. ____ for both men and women has improved greatly in the past twenty years.
A. Living standard B. Life expectancy C. Life skills D. Lifeline
19. Too much fast food consumption can increase the risk of ____ and heart disease.
A. being underweight B. obesity C. malnutrition D. fitness
20. Squeezing pimples can lead to ____, redness, and infection.
A. falling B. declining C. shrinking D. swelling
21. In order to ____ sunburn, many people wear protecting clothes when they go out.
A. continue B. encourage C. facilitate D. avoid
22. We should drink a lot of water to ____ water loss.
A. boost B. stimulate C. prevent D. trigger
23. John Keith has been a fitness ____ for more than ten years.
A. practitioner B. trainer C. learner D. intern
24. You should also ____ early in the morning when it's not too hot.
A. have a rest B. do housework C. do homework D. work out
25. If yoga is not done ____, it can do more harm than good.
A. socially accepted B. morally accepted C. properly D. easily
26. She didn't enjoy the Mediterranean ____ at all; she was seasick most of the time.
A. cruise B. tour C. voyage D. trip
27. The travel agent wasn't to ____ for the overbooking.
A. accuse B. charge C. blame D. claim
28. When I worked as a waiter, the hotel manager found ____ with everything I do.
A. blame B. complaint C. fault D. criticism
29. I don't really ____ the point of taking the exam when you are not ready for it.
A. annoy B. have C. see D. take
30. My dad wants me to go to university, but I'm in ____ minds about it.
A. different B. my C. some D. two
2.2. GRAMMAR
Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he __________homesick.
A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling
2. The earth________ on the sun for its heat and light.
A. is depend B. depending C. has depend D. depends
3. There's a strange smell in here. Mother________ something.
A. cooks B. is cooking C. will cook D. has cooked
4. We __________ maths at this time last week.
A. were learning B. are learning C. was D. learnt
5. She was playing games while he __________a football match.
A. watched B. watches C. was watching D. watching
6. She __________school when she was six.
A. start B. started C. has started D. are starting
7. She__________ lunch by the time we arrived.
A. had finished B. finished C. have finished D. finishing
8. This is the first time I ________ here.
A. am B. have been C. was D. be
9. Angelina Jolie is a famous actress. She ________ in several films.
A. appears B. is appearing C. appeared D. has appeared
10. I ________a famous pop star when I'm older.
A. am going to be B. am being C. am D. was
11. I just want to know what you__________ at this time tomorrow afternoon.
A. were doing B. will be doing C. are doing D. do
12. A: You’re just missed the last train! B: Never mind, I_______.
A. will walk B. will be walking C. walk D. will have walked
13. I ______ an exam next October.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will be taken
14. A: “The phone is ringing” B. “ I ______it”.
A. answer B. will answer C. have answered D. will be answering
15. Do you think that _________ pass your exams in June?
A. you B. to C. you’ll D. will you
16. Bill’s wife doesn’t let him ________ go to the party.
A. go B. to go C. to have gone D. went
17. You will never know why Jane refused ________ the job.
A. getting B. get C. to get D. to be got
18. There are two important things ________ in your mind.
A. bearing B. to bear C. bear D. born
19. Carl ________ staying one more night in the village.
A. agrees B. hopes C. plans D. suggest
20. Can you manage ________ the work by yourself?
A. finish B. finished C. finishing D. to finish
21. I would rather ________ to Elvis than The Beatles
A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. be listened
22. Carl ________ staying one more night in the village.
A. agrees B. hopes C. plans D. suggests
23. Jean should seriously consider ________ an actress. She is a very talented performer.
A. to become B. become C. becoming D. will become
24. Peter said that he saw Mary ________ that beautiful vase
A. breaks B. breaking C. break D. broke
25. The police ________ them get out of the car.
A. made B. caused C. asked D. ordered
26. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.
A. what B. which C. whom D. whose
27. The man _________ is resting is very tired.
A. what B. which C. whom D. who
28. The people ________ courage you praised are now citizens.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. that
29. I talked to a woman __________ car had broken down on the way to the party.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
30. Were the Wright brothers the ones __________built the first aeroplane?
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
31. He spoke to the messengers ________ you were leaving with.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. that
32. Ansel Adams was a landscape photographer ________ photographs of the western United States show nature on a grand scale.
A. whose B. of whom C. of his D. his
33. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest.
A. when B. which C. that D. B & C
34. Alaska, __________ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.
A. which B. where C. who D. All are correct
35. Tell me the reason ____________ you were absent yesterday.
A. where B. when C. why D. that
36. I have a message for people __________ by the traffic chaos.
A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying
37. Melanie was the only person __________ a letter of thanks.
A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing
38. The pilot was the only man __________ after the crash.
A. was rescued B. rescued C. rescuing D. to be rescued
39. The woman _______next door is a famous singer.
A. lives B. who live C. living D. that living
40. The house ______ in the storm has now been rebuilt.
A. destroyed B. destroying C. which destroyed D. that is destroyed
41. The man ______ at the blackboard is our teacher.
A. stood B. stands C. standing D. to stand
42. Tom was the last ______the classroom yesterday.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leaves
43. Linda was the last student ______ at the oral exam.
A. to be asked B. asking C. asks D. to ask
44. The bridge _____ by French architects is very nice.
A. was designed B. designing C. to design D. designed
45. The people __________ for the bus in the rain are getting well
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait
46. It is automobile industry ________ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.
A. where B. in which C. that D. whom
47. It was the dog________ the boy hit in the garden.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
48. My brother sent me a birthday card.
A. It was I who was sent a birthday card.
B. It was me who was sent a birthday card by my brother
C. It was me whom my brother sent a birthday card
D. Both B and C are correct.
49. Hung bought Lan a golden ring on her birthday.
A. It was a golden ring that was bought for Lan on her birthday by Hung.
B. It was a golden ring that was bought Lan on her birthday by Hung
C. It was a golden ring that was bought for Lan on her birthday.
D. It was a golden ring that Hung bought Lan on her birthday.
50. The girl gave the boy a special gift on Christmas.
A. It was the boy who the girl gave him a special gift on Christmas.
B. It was the boy who was gave a special gift on Christmas by the girl.
C. It was the boy that was given a special gift on Christmas by the girl.
D. It was a special gift that was given to the boy on Christmas by the girl.
2.3. SPEAKING
1. Lan: How many hours a day do you spend watching TV? Nam: ____
A. TV programmes are various. There are so many of them.
B. Sports channel is my favourite.
C. Not much. Just about thirty minutes after dinner.
D. My mother spends hours watching soap operas.
2. Lan: Do you ever eat junk food? Nam: ____
A. Sometimes I have a snack for my breakfast.
B. Junk food is not nutritious enough.
C. Junk food is also addictive.
D. We should discourage children from eating junk food.
3. Nam: What exercise do you do? Lan: ____
A. I go jogging in the morning and aerobics in the afternoon.
B. Exercising is time-consuming.
C. My teachers ask us to do so many exercises.
D. I hate doing too much homework.
4. Nam: Do young people you know get enough exercise? Lan: ____
A. Not really. They are a little bit lazy.
B. Getting enough exercise is very important.
C. They tend to eat too much junk food.
D. Fast food is the young people's favourite food.
5. “____?" – "It's ten minutes' walk from here.”
A. How long does it take to get to the town centre?
B. Can you show me the way to the town centre?
C. How far is it from here to the town centre?
D. How can we get to the town centre?
6. "What's the weather forecast?” – “____”
A. Don't forget your raincoat, will you?
B. Don't forget your raincoat, do you?
C. It's going to rain. Don't forget your raincoat, will you?
D. It's going to rain. Don't forget your raincoat, do you?
7. “Oh, I'm sorry! Am I disturbing you?” – “____”
A. Sure, you're a real nuisance!
B. You're such a pain in the neck!
C. No, never mind.
D. No, you're OK.
8. “Last year, we went to one of those resorts where everything - food and drink - is free.” – “____”
A. Wow! I didn't realise you were such snobs!
B. Really? I prefer to go somewhere a bit quieter.
C. It sounds great. I've never been on an all-inclusive holiday.
D. If you want all your meals and drinks included, you can stay on an all-inclusive basis.
9. “My back feels sore. Does it look a bit red?” – “____”
A. Yes, it does. I think you'll get a lovely suntan.
B. Yes, it does. Probably you should go for a swim.
C. Yes, it does. It's important to go for a paddle.
D. Yes, it does. Perhaps you should keep out of the sun for the rest of the day.
10. “____” – “Well, most of the citadel was demolished in the early 20th century.”
A. Is it still intact or in ruins?
B. Has it been pulled down?
C. Is it a significant geological site?
D. What has happened to it?
2.4. WRITING
Rewrite each sentence using conditionals, beginning as shown.
1. They arrived very late because they had a flat tyre.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train.
If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
If my husband …………………………………………………………………………………
4. We didn’t go because it rained.
If it hadn’t………………………………………………………………………….……………
5. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa.
If you ………………………………………………………………………………………..……
6. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
If we ………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Unless someone has a key, we can’t get into the house.
We can only …………………………………………………..…………………………………
8. Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information.
If …………………………………………………………………………..……………………
9. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
If Susan ………………………………………………….………………………………………
10. Without his treatment, the patient would have died.
If he ……………………………………………………………………………….………………
Keys
1. If they hadn’t had a flat tyre, they wouldn’t have been so late.
2. If he had hurried, he wouldn’t have missed the train.
3. If my husband had left the car keys, we could have picked him up at the station.
4. If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone home.
5. If you don’t get a visa, you can’t visit the US.
6. If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
7. We can only get into the house if someone has a key.
8. If he doesn’t phone immediately, he won’t get any information.
9. If Susan hadn’t eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn’t have felt sick.
10. If he hadn’t received this treatment, the patient would have died.
2.5. READING
I. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
A. Volunteering can be the experience of a lifetime and for some people it is a life changing experience. Volunteer Bolivia is the international volunteer organization that combines a volunteer service learning experience with a program for an unforgettable intercultural experience. They offer an affordable way for you to experience a foreign country while lending a hand. Their variety of community volunteer positions provide you with the opportunity to make new friends, define a new career, develop new skills, and share your skills with others. Short term volunteers are a crucial part of their program allowing you to fulfill the needs of a variety of children's centers scattered around the region. These centers provide services for children. Long term volunteers, are those who stay with them more than five months, speak intermediate Spanish and are specialized volunteers who have an expertise that matches their Bolivian colleagues needs. Many long term volunteers contribute in a collaboratively designed: volunteer position such as helping in the office, translating, and working with the Bolivian staff. If you have a specialized skill, they can place you in your profession. Long term volunteers have also contributed as healthcare workers, physical therapists, graphic designers, by teaching advanced computer skills or in project development.
1. According to the writer, volunteer work is __________
A. a combination
B. an experience
C. an organization
D. a lifetime
2. If you take part in Volunteer Bolivia, you have a chance __________
A. to work in a foreign country
B. to lose you career
C. to work in your hometown
D. to change experience
3. According to the passage,
A. there is only one kind of volunteers
B. there are two kinds of volunteers: long term volunteers and short term volunteers
C. volunteers are not allowed to make friends
d. if you are a short term volunteer you will work with patients
4. The word crucial in line 6 means __________
A. necessary B. not easy C. very difficult D. important
5. Long term volunteers work as
A. designers B. professors C. healthcare workers D. teachers of English
B. Air pollution happens when wastes are poured into the atmosphere and the air becomes contaminated and unpleasant to breathe. There are many causes that lead to air pollution. The most serious cause is the development of industry. Smoke, chemicals, and wastes from factories which consist of Sulphur and nitrogen oxides are dangerous for our health. Burning coal and oil release other gases that are harmful to human. Vehicles, especially cars, help to make our material life more comfortable and convenient; however, they also account for air pollution in the cities.
People all know that they are breathing polluted air but it is difficult for them to choose, fresh air or comfortable material life.
1. The word contaminated means ______
A. fresh
B. polluted
C. harmful
D. dangerous
2. According to the writer, ______
A. only cars that cause air pollution
B. only waste from factories that causes air pollution
C. only burning coal that causes air pollution
D. there are many causes that lead to air pollution
3. Which sentence is NOT true?
A. We will stop using cars.
B. Cars help to make our material life comfortable.
C. Polluted air is unpleasant to breathe.
D. Burning coal does harm to us.
4. The most serious cause that leads to air pollution is ______
A. vehicles
B. industrial development
C. gas
D. Household garbage
5. Cars ______
A. have no relation to air pollution
B. make our life more convenient
C. do not account for air pollution
D. release no harmful smoke
II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
A. The program is set up in Cokato, which is (1) ___________ in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city has a population of almost 5 million, the fourth (2) ___________ in India. Volunteers will need to take a taxi from the airport at their own expense. You will be met by a member of their (3) ___________ and taken to the guest house. Volunteers are accommodated in shared rooms and will need to use public transport to get to the various placement sites. (4) ___________ a volunteer in India you must be at least 18 years of age - the upper age limit is 60 and in good health, must be a native speaker of English or can speak English (5) __________, must be enthusiastic and have cultural sensitivity and respect.
|
1. A. located |
B. laid |
C. lain |
D. put |
|
2. A. large |
B. larger |
C. largest |
D. the largest |
|
3. A. organize |
B. organization |
C. cognizable |
D. organizational |
|
4. A. To |
B. With |
C. As |
D. For |
|
5. A. quickly |
B. carefully |
C. hardly |
D. fluently |
B. If you are invited to someone's house for dinner in the United States, you should (1) _______ a gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolates. If you give your host a wrapped gift, he/she may open it in front of you. Opening a present in front of the gift-giver is considered (2) _______. It shows that the host is excited about receiving the gift and wants to show his/her appreciation to you immediately. (3) _____ the host doesn't like it, he/she will tell a "white lie" and say how much they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad. If your host asks you to arrive at a particular time, you should not arrive (4) _______ on time or earlier than the expected time, because this is considered to be potentially inconvenient and rude, as the host may not be (5) _______.
|
1. A. take |
B. give |
C. bring |
D. make |
|
2. A. rude |
B. polite |
C. unpolite |
D. funny |
|
3. A. Since |
B. Only if |
C. Even if |
D. Whether |
|
4. A. gradually |
B. exactly |
C. perfectly |
D. recently |
|
5. A. willing |
B. ready |
C. welcome |
D. waiting |
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